{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"6c48fc4aa1e682abbd6fa819262ec6b65a28638a823970310f50df22cc241992","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:54Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"a2b2d0580bd51c9c5ac92b0db0216a24710ce175dc026581d35fd46ef5c166a7","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"identification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.core-collapse-supernovae.slsn-power","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"A rare kind of supernova shines 10 to 100 times brighter than usual, more than its radioactive nickel can supply, perhaps powered by a newborn spinning magnetar or by crashing into gas shed earlier.","posed_since":"2011","precise":"Type I superluminous supernovae peak at $L \\sim 1e44\\,\\mathrm{erg}/\\mathrm{s}$ and radiate $\\sim 1e51\\,\\mathrm{erg}$. Decide among spin-down of a millisecond magnetar $(P \\sim 1\\ \\text{to}\\ 5\\,\\mathrm{ms}, B \\sim 1e14\\,\\mathrm{G})$, interaction with hydrogen-poor circumstellar shells, and pair-instability explosions, using late-time light-curve slopes, light-curve bumps, nebular spectra and late radio or X-ray emission from a central nebula. Answer: the power source for each subclass with the evidence.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Detection or exclusion of late-time radio and X-ray emission from an embedded magnetar nebula in nearby events, together with nebular spectra that fix the ejecta mass.","status_note":"","title":"What powers hydrogen-poor superluminous 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