{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"9f76f35f0a6b99ae63a98cc0b16c35e716e96a679f98c5c76f6d286c14b29910","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:52Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"70fecb61484aaa16bd20cf12a2fbd68c7ed96c3a916043476a206533621d82d8","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"plasma.edge-pedestal-elms","field":"plasma","n":"1","review_cite":"A. W. Leonard, Edge-localized-modes in tokamaks, Physics of Plasmas, 2014","review_link":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4894742","review_verified":"true","summary":"In the best tokamak operating mode the plasma edge forms a thin insulating layer, the pedestal, whose pressure sets how well the whole plasma is confined. The pedestal keeps collapsing in bursts called edge-localized modes (ELMs), which hit the wall with heat pulses a reactor wall cannot survive, while the steady exhaust heat lands on a very narrow stripe.","title":"Tokamak edge pedestal, ELMs and heat exhaust","topic_ref":null,"why":"Pedestal height fixes reactor fusion power, and ELM heat pulses and exhaust width decide whether the divertor and wall of ITER and later reactors survive."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"037681ebe2f068d361e19b0b90c7ad8b9281d3aee6de68370b6a285f803d9ac9","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"9f1bf13fd02790ff864e9fc6c21a68306840d5172c363d30e27a3655191788e3","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"xwQkmamq4iHa6IbPkFuYhMbZWEXjwzYjqT87gs-0R0QgiJDqmn_HAfEmLkgGtBmQ2mGwWDhk_MCY-QoiHsUDBg"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"037681ebe2f068d361e19b0b90c7ad8b9281d3aee6de68370b6a285f803d9ac9","leaf_index":299}