{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"f231cd01c63c840772b506775887533bdfd93b2e9e209af1395d57bb82b2faae","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:04Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"6ea34295fcf6e601952e8be07c58035a1b89dd14b656acd9aff7c54418acc26f","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"fluid.strat-rot.mixing-efficiency","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"When turbulence stirs water layered by temperature or salt, part of its energy lifts heavy fluid and mixes the layers and the rest turns into heat. Ocean models assume that a fixed fraction (about one sixth) goes into mixing, but measurements scatter widely.","posed_since":"1980","precise":"Define the flux coefficient $\\Gamma = B/\\epsilon$ ($B$ buoyancy flux, $\\epsilon$ kinetic-energy dissipation rate), set to 0.2 in ocean parameterizations (Osborn 1980). Determine $\\Gamma$ as a function of buoyancy Reynolds number $\\mathrm{Re}_b = \\epsilon/(\\nu N^2)$ ($N$ buoyancy frequency), gradient Richardson number Ri and Prandtl number Pr for stationary stratified shear turbulence, including whether $\\Gamma$ tends to a constant as $\\mathrm{Re}_b \\to \\infty$ at fixed Ri.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"DNS and laboratory experiments at $\\mathrm{Re}_{b} > 10^{3}$ with $\\mathrm{Pr} \\sim 7$ and $\\text{Schmidt number} \\sim 700$ (heat and salt) mapping $\\Gamma(\\mathrm{Re}_{b}, \\mathrm{Ri})$.","status_note":"Laboratory, DNS and ocean estimates range from below 0.1 to above 0.3 depending on forcing, $\\mathrm{Re}_{b}$ and Pr.","title":"Is the flux coefficient of stratified turbulence a universal 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