{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"729cd477e539b34df74d6ba4a3c73657ca5541c0a88c77e0e9dfc8bab6bb55a8","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:51Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"d685b0f880005141c5ffcb1a768e92ef961c4ab63d7e75b9f69067906a4a7c70","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"earth.atmospheric-electricity","field":"earth","n":"1","review_cite":"Joseph R. Dwyer, Martin A. Uman, The physics of lightning, Physics Reports, 2014","review_link":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2013.09.004","review_verified":"true","summary":"Thunderclouds make lightning even though their electric fields seem too weak to break down air, and they sometimes shoot out bursts of gamma rays. Ball lightning, glowing spheres seen after storms, still has no accepted explanation.","title":"Lightning initiation, gamma-ray flashes and ball lightning","topic_ref":null,"why":"Lightning affects atmospheric chemistry, aviation safety and power grids, and thunderstorms are natural particle accelerators."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"065176f8516fade9b4b12b58d43d1b3de469d91e84225f18e938ff61f04b285e","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"acb6421a824f64df3314ba44a7afb5b2e30a30df224635f176b1b0ae91f35af0","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"B6zLtxLg_RJWKZyOoJrRfaladwWIe2gQPCbzFgDCCAlMEUtPp4pUs3vqDT5q1RHkRmdnzfoHP-jrYRGIGrStCw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"065176f8516fade9b4b12b58d43d1b3de469d91e84225f18e938ff61f04b285e","leaf_index":195}