{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"a62a70dc47c70ebc075a548830a3de88c4f935e730596550e7832e420eb97305","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:03Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"21d3462eabbb2a6ac64b040b686c9977dd501004ec3e6756c7e5b1cd237a0a4d","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"earth.solar-system-dynamics.instability-timing","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Models suggest Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune once went through a violent rearrangement of their orbits. Whether this happened within the first 100 million years or about 700 million years later is still debated.","posed_since":"","precise":"Determine the epoch of the giant-planet instability relative to gas-disk dispersal: early (within about 100 Myr) or late (about 500 to 700 Myr), using constraints from Jupiter trojan binaries, asteroid and meteorite impact ages, terrestrial-planet orbital excitation and lunar basin chronology. An answer is an instability time with uncertainty consistent with all dynamical and chronological constraints.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"A consistent set of dynamical survival constraints (trojan binaries, terrestrial planet orbits) and radiometric impact ages that exclude one of the two epochs.","status_note":"Most dynamical studies since 2018 favour an early instability, but the interpretation of lunar impact ages remains disputed.","title":"When did the giant-planet orbital instability happen?","topic_ref":"b929a620dac9f17771effc8b71b936420a6fad08ab629dcf3f51f65829dd7067"},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"069234c27db5956535937d414b587728b2a35addd81b31c51825707f17f7ff0c","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"141d04d4b85b8e2f5b19ec7d0f7b21449a91132369e305045806c0216174fd06","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"m9bvmhTRGN2fPgboBzEegd0Bwmmkbln3BdAmbYq25__hFaGmm3BbopBcfYjTPzA63OiWL-cd7WYQSolMl5jwCA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"069234c27db5956535937d414b587728b2a35addd81b31c51825707f17f7ff0c","leaf_index":1363}