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A quantitative account of these effects is missing.","posed_since":"","precise":"Contact charge depends non-monotonically on relative humidity (often peaking at intermediate values) and evolves with repeated contacts and rubbing. Determine the roles of adsorbed water thickness (as ion source and as leakage path), surface ion mobility and mechanochemical surface change, and give a model predicting charge versus relative humidity and contact number for benchmark pairs (e.g. PTFE-glass, $\\mathrm{SiO_2}$-$\\mathrm{SiO_2}$). An answer is a model validated on controlled-atmosphere data.","problem_ref":"4a315fcc8b21596fd035bca9755b53a72de471154f6742bcd46288d265cc5674","references":"","settled_by":"Charge measured versus humidity and contact number with simultaneous water-layer thickness measurement, fitted by one model across pairs.","status_note":"","title":"How humidity and contact history control charge 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