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That is natural in MOND but surprising if invisible dark matter dominates the mass.","posed_since":"2016","precise":"The radial acceleration relation $g_{\\mathrm{obs}} = g_{\\mathrm{bar}} / (1 - \\exp(-\\sqrt{g_{\\mathrm{bar}} / a0}))$ with $a0 \\sim 1.2 \\times 10^{-8}\\ \\mathrm{cm}/\\mathrm{s}^{2}$ fits about 150 SPARC rotation curves with small scatter, and the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation $M_{b}$ proportional to $V_{\\mathrm{flat}}^{4}$ holds over 5 decades in mass. Explain whether LCDM galaxy formation produces one relation with a single a0 and the observed small scatter, or whether the relation signals modified dynamics or a dark matter coupling to baryons.","problem_ref":"4c2ca4a5c1c2d8f56aa842204084b542b750b4b5cc286d3f9ffd4bd22574f5ad","references":"","settled_by":"Cosmological hydrodynamic simulations reproducing the relation, its scatter and its residual correlations, or a theory that predicts it while also fitting clusters and the CMB.","status_note":"","title":"Why does galaxy dynamics depend only on the visible matter 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