{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"ad477b6a82b861484272a18f78585630c59bf5c515192f6a6bd454b3fcbd0779","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:02Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"c734e4b5e9bd6b9aea5726bb4b0f9f0eab67b1232c4db421d6014918815b3ca8","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"earth.atmospheric-electricity.gamma-glow-discharge","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Many storms glow faintly in gamma rays for seconds to minutes. If the electron avalanches behind the glow carry enough current, they could be a hidden way that clouds discharge besides lightning.","posed_since":"","precise":"Determine the fraction of thundercloud charging current dissipated by relativistic runaway electron avalanches (gamma-ray glows and flickering flashes) versus lightning, and whether avalanches limit the maximum cloud field near the runaway threshold. An answer is a measured or modeled current ratio constrained by airborne gamma flux and field measurements.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Airborne gamma-ray and electric-field measurements over storm lifetimes combined with avalanche transport models.","status_note":"Airborne campaigns reported in 2024 (Marisaldi and coauthors, Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07936-6) found gamma emission in tropical storms to be common and highly variable.","title":"Is relativistic runaway a significant way thunderclouds lose charge?","topic_ref":"065176f8516fade9b4b12b58d43d1b3de469d91e84225f18e938ff61f04b285e"},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"0bbc7d3032c85dc5163fb5974b408abe6182006b1c2125b0fd420a2a4387a6ac","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"e952cdccbefb9ad982be7b93b1b50f0dbdc1e0fab9b692063564bc949a822983","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"zxPsNYoD9p-ISvR4FlC87c5PwZiEqEGb9AB12NFeo_sh36S7753S4EtO9TgYNYtEQ0AUFl2wh91MeQqBt4JMDw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"0bbc7d3032c85dc5163fb5974b408abe6182006b1c2125b0fd420a2a4387a6ac","leaf_index":1291}