{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"ad477b6a82b861484272a18f78585630c59bf5c515192f6a6bd454b3fcbd0779","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:02Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"c734e4b5e9bd6b9aea5726bb4b0f9f0eab67b1232c4db421d6014918815b3ca8","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"earth.atmospheric-electricity.gamma-glow-discharge","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Many storms glow faintly in gamma rays for seconds to minutes. If the electron avalanches behind the glow carry enough current, they could be a hidden way that clouds discharge besides lightning.","posed_since":"","precise":"Determine the fraction of thundercloud charging current dissipated by relativistic runaway electron avalanches (gamma-ray glows and flickering flashes) versus lightning, and whether avalanches limit the maximum cloud field near the runaway threshold. An answer is a measured or modeled current ratio constrained by airborne gamma flux and field measurements.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Airborne gamma-ray and electric-field measurements over storm lifetimes combined with avalanche transport models.","status_note":"Airborne campaigns reported in 2024 (Marisaldi and coauthors, Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07936-6) found gamma emission in tropical storms to be common and highly variable.","title":"Is relativistic runaway a significant way thunderclouds lose 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