{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"77781563a803c696abe6e9e8e70cc239aa0152facb3b69b4c127fcaa7c47cb94","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["561c5883d7971bdaad0365058beee595a57dd1b2749102647e65c4687a937878","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"ffcb3bbf4bbac03ebb00a92b51bc14ecf428dec28711376b53b039a1facedb95","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.pulsars-magnetars.pair-discharge-test","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"Bursts of electron-positron pair creation above the magnetic poles may generate the radio waves directly; whether they produce the right brightness and spectrum is untested.","posed_since":"2020","precise":"Using global 3D kinetic plasma simulations with quantum-electrodynamic pair production at realistic field strength ($B \\sim 10^{12}\\,\\mathrm{G}$) and scale separation, compute the radio luminosity, spectrum and polarization from polar-cap discharges and compare with population averages (spectral index $\\sim -1.6$, luminosity versus spin-down power). Answer: yes or no with a quantitative comparison.","problem_ref":"561c5883d7971bdaad0365058beee595a57dd1b2749102647e65c4687a937878","references":"","settled_by":"Simulations reaching realistic scale separation whose extrapolated spectra and luminosities agree or disagree with survey statistics.","status_note":"","title":"Do polar-cap pair discharges reproduce observed pulsar radio spectra?","topic_ref":null},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"106a363ec8e3ecd92c786d7908f37a93b557381c99bb840b0759786a59e2225e","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"bd1527cf9c0e6c5e989d92c869bd02c3e574050af8e432b6b059736ada2113f0","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"8yH7CccjB2GOQWax8kGtlJKDQs6QxF4QPfWVVylUev6OVFZZ9PZMhVT39WlG-BvtO-X2PrgkL3hQbp_JF00DAg"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIvRUnz5wObF6YnZLIab0Cw-V0BQr45DK2sFlzatohE_DxIL0VAFibosqky7zbhDg5Fs0vDvzaJVisonvQ1r3y_Vt2CPEgvlvUJg47URCYTRrAmpFzEPHrECaiWXlQSdq_r7_YYLoI8CA65a0au7RIe2f55lgkf2Vj6s7jM1ZU5p3eBrQFrDywDwjwIDNVZmdw1fxlhPASakBEuPM2r0uRJcE1TUzuluYxqhaMCPAgggKVGAD2eOENQsTOaSjAefhwrqVVOW-HvOKAFIErzWII8SBjYdPXoEgk23uEQY-4dJwglsTn1Sd0gFcSBZ98oXXnOQjwIIg82Jvk6sG9d_qFEsDPR33QWZO6pmDRJWIBF6p7sCc5CPEgraRI2npokG3tsYuZYconfMt0ARYLxAQQuCOiQUqeUM8I8SDArwsGYVuomKH_DJiJGziPwECn7skqn20TGM58Ezco0wjwIIgwugvlgSNOmTWMhquqetKjeLf0x7d1a1MH4KU52JbFCPAg3mczMYDKOd7Nhf3ojA9ZvuTsN66Y1NnyYTp9j8GKQNwI8SCvAiiN-Hrv7IEejd8wdUihoozu5KOvpoBFJ0vg3UnGAQj_8Ajn9YmozHwo9QjwEJ46aM9ZDv3TdtqV3ZbRsNgI8SBOF8pILGf1kodr5MKmQs6Cd93joraGn3g6UPt_-kewPwjwIOG-gmM7bd_eR4AiDMNfluS3xvr7vicLR-sCBr5qtG2cCPAgrVNFrCoeQcCxhlmnE0BzHgR8HQpZAlfqzDDFzfWb8GUI8QRq0WWT8AjZJ2cF_c7k8ACD3-MNLvkMjiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ_AI9ZMS1zxd7IEI8BDd00WgJZ0RncsC1Fyai_4aCPEgvxMFrnu7F05IW5INiraQ3OVEYMjNx6JfBxw1Q4jPLi4I8QRq0WWS8Ag2zxPAtI5JsP8Ag9_jDS75DI4uLWh0dHBzOi8vYWxpY2UuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZwjxIHAnv4KFFf4uiYEFJvLxiMxSyz8VowJP4roTfDD9h7bICPAgj5tgvbNF7mxSP4jGGE66ezUFRLnI4g1VTkvuV4VtCPAI8CCxlc1HuKORuHgn7DYIYcDhc4oo99OkTWBEvddBypoa7AjwIFcjjaF8kDNDYCZGaNISlRjvX-I7in-QNwsr4JYQbFJvCPAgnl0k4gs7LuY5i1umiHO-J7My3uBThLJUWQoY9LdVSrQI8SA6-Ft11_K_GqMNWYhkVsVqCFvXSYbp4S8JoLsLBnUzvgjxIBC8_mAE7JBP35SNxDBcG7joLJwURpMxdV2vSO64_jEOCPEge04Coj1xSi7CE8UwqiBGNhPyZ5QdD_YZwn-heSdObU4I8SBgdDSgr3VUx1j8m_pK7-OzMwwFgXeLy43ujffCv-hf5AjwIMl-PnAt4xjoBEVU4-nkyN0NKRa9AvX4kEMfllFyIJS9CPFZAQAAAAHz4rV-uwQFg02bVnEMUFgpIdGKjM4tWuID1kTVnrjisAAAAAAA_v___wJURAIAAAAAABYAFBFys2oc0-U-bYrC3VulGLzND5fbAAAAAAAAAAAiaiDwBHLTDgAICPEgMJIBYi46xOIuFDwzJ9nOx14ngW5HbglUf65ORpkoIYcICPAgHgGWEGCDHWgscwT92NOoJ7s-ezbPkyiWr2RnYZDC_dwICPAgtffMyyLu-MscJsDc0dzwGspwSrrmvVAnMNgsgWhHClgICPAgMUl1OfBDUwhp5VZjHwVA0nuz1F5HZTUJCHAnM1L1F3MICPAgStK7UWpnrUueV5EaE7uE0y6BLMp6EANmrbhrTqEBZu8ICPAg5LVW7IHtUL5mNOvPx1hOTfLMmqlQ7t9EFW-KDtrISIQICPAgABgXZ6upFU8qiDQKFtQFpqkjKwl0PsxM4JUjVLlDKbkICPAgEwb96FiOhjlbwI8GFZQ4a5GXwxs4bUdqVOMKrtBWV30ICPEgqBg-wp0c8CAPV9k6J7wIa9_GtQfpWmhpE1zqFZyi2pQICPAg2pZLTVPGJbriiz0UhMytYDVYAXOgQnWDcrMOewK9O8cICPEgxm3QwzbvT4siJzubQGnST67bWv-exYwSPP1KDi7CaUwICPEgm6udUudfjUaM0gUFTylKGDMypj7ptMTG0zmxd_T5yTcICPAgMpOInkjFCVp1pOZhfZnyPAl8hdWGmHzQcrGLgLwSKLgICAAFiJYNc9cZAQPzpjs"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIJ7wR82c4MjX32y1IlddoJaNzoMbYV2A_2Kb15h5zchTwICfEKyzl-5EDkOMI_N_eYJji2ZVAWCedwUT6ax0t0kgeCPAg99pRLkOMf813r9i_sImQA8XpDRBd9INSFJAB-q0iIw0I8CCEESwCTgDGX4NJu7qPHl1UD8M3SweHPvh6-lLkoi0HGwjxIPJ9wwaAvLWVgpeMZVbCc6flyEbC5ihd8AXJIWxRbiRYCPEgiPzga-LZrx9byCWzhBjxMYNQ5ee6hiBeRGpT_vha760I8CD0D46W4-C3YA-DQVOUCzUlv3mKZXw-ulRAbN1T6M92xAjwIFL42owBJVURGnb4sFPQtSoKAW3ToV9h6LojAsi6KdcQCPAg_wIiPkLJd3-DTpBID5KVkTGoJ2F0twCyomKLdpQPO3UI8CDsCcIzBovmyR1v7IXhYg1Z7m0X4dWZvLS_NU94HSk3sQjxIJdQdDsL3v2lA7qZb8kMJtOgaTQmbgchdPcS5lYJqDLnCPAgkPXX-naXR0fRIdS-sEDlzYmtMvSCNH42ESUF0QXb6NUI8CDQo_sIWZiWXaTGRSQBLmU-lHJKskYKqsjO1r02DhB8LAj_8Ajn9YmozHwo9QjwEJ46aM9ZDv3TdtqV3ZbRsNgI8SBOF8pILGf1kodr5MKmQs6Cd93joraGn3g6UPt_-kewPwjwIOG-gmM7bd_eR4AiDMNfluS3xvr7vicLR-sCBr5qtG2cCPAgrVNFrCoeQcCxhlmnE0BzHgR8HQpZAlfqzDDFzfWb8GUI8QRq0WWT8AjZJ2cF_c7k8ACD3-MNLvkMjiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ_AI9ZMS1zxd7IEI8BDd00WgJZ0RncsC1Fyai_4aCPEgvxMFrnu7F05IW5INiraQ3OVEYMjNx6JfBxw1Q4jPLi4I8QRq0WWS8Ag2zxPAtI5JsP8Ag9_jDS75DI4uLWh0dHBzOi8vYWxpY2UuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZwjxIHAnv4KFFf4uiYEFJvLxiMxSyz8VowJP4roTfDD9h7bICPAgj5tgvbNF7mxSP4jGGE66ezUFRLnI4g1VTkvuV4VtCPAI8CCxlc1HuKORuHgn7DYIYcDhc4oo99OkTWBEvddBypoa7AjwIFcjjaF8kDNDYCZGaNISlRjvX-I7in-QNwsr4JYQbFJvCPAgnl0k4gs7LuY5i1umiHO-J7My3uBThLJUWQoY9LdVSrQI8SA6-Ft11_K_GqMNWYhkVsVqCFvXSYbp4S8JoLsLBnUzvgjxIBC8_mAE7JBP35SNxDBcG7joLJwURpMxdV2vSO64_jEOCPEge04Coj1xSi7CE8UwqiBGNhPyZ5QdD_YZwn-heSdObU4I8SBgdDSgr3VUx1j8m_pK7-OzMwwFgXeLy43ujffCv-hf5AjwIMl-PnAt4xjoBEVU4-nkyN0NKRa9AvX4kEMfllFyIJS9CPFZAQAAAAHz4rV-uwQFg02bVnEMUFgpIdGKjM4tWuID1kTVnrjisAAAAAAA_v___wJURAIAAAAAABYAFBFys2oc0-U-bYrC3VulGLzND5fbAAAAAAAAAAAiaiDwBHLTDgAICPEgMJIBYi46xOIuFDwzJ9nOx14ngW5HbglUf65ORpkoIYcICPAgHgGWEGCDHWgscwT92NOoJ7s-ezbPkyiWr2RnYZDC_dwICPAgtffMyyLu-MscJsDc0dzwGspwSrrmvVAnMNgsgWhHClgICPAgMUl1OfBDUwhp5VZjHwVA0nuz1F5HZTUJCHAnM1L1F3MICPAgStK7UWpnrUueV5EaE7uE0y6BLMp6EANmrbhrTqEBZu8ICPAg5LVW7IHtUL5mNOvPx1hOTfLMmqlQ7t9EFW-KDtrISIQICPAgABgXZ6upFU8qiDQKFtQFpqkjKwl0PsxM4JUjVLlDKbkICPAgEwb96FiOhjlbwI8GFZQ4a5GXwxs4bUdqVOMKrtBWV30ICPEgqBg-wp0c8CAPV9k6J7wIa9_GtQfpWmhpE1zqFZyi2pQICPAg2pZLTVPGJbriiz0UhMytYDVYAXOgQnWDcrMOewK9O8cICPEgxm3QwzbvT4siJzubQGnST67bWv-exYwSPP1KDi7CaUwICPEgm6udUudfjUaM0gUFTylKGDMypj7ptMTG0zmxd_T5yTcICPAgMpOInkjFCVp1pOZhfZnyPAl8hdWGmHzQcrGLgLwSKLgICAAFiJYNc9cZAQPzpjs"]},"log":{"leaf_index":"2406","tree_size":"3804","proof":["6ec6a85869e360e0f7efb683b1a2f09c9b815403a6dec1bc6255e50365dac951","db2c5224993a3bee4f0dc89007d0b8fa89fda6e8267065efc5f240bbeffe8ee7","a5cede63b14114d9bf6107b9fd0c891a673344c235fe23cca4479f3757605244","4db3087bced1b3b9cc41662895d3b2703954aa10c67aaff97867c74dca162d3c","a1e43732b09f170f293a43ef48cac53171c5fc1eed4641db8f58dbd7a3332041","a989b4fa0838d2c30a0dfbafd589348b3784e77b27d025cc0e5ec92b29770c6d","54797267dc988bb974a7f9973996aa397c85209d28a911ca164e871ee58b0c37","0e333b0bb1d5b3a0837c7007c90874beee2fb89206b164572bfa2f0648b1cb1e","ad2bf8922b230304eb5887f66a1631d0d013048aef3d1e5c2bce55da65e76cef","453fe2db8b5276d732edac85634e8be036b4709a91a2584f32a4b9edcc8ca9de","325287f5a43e4f3ad4072ec4bd53d43c50c1393021a056122e9cb0fad83b868f","3c578dccc15502c5f3efe228cadc99fee76ab536ed01f66b14d316fdcc157429"],"checkpoint":"pubphys.com/log/v1\n3804\nAK6t4qgu96+M9wScTrIlsJ10d/zhKVEtYguyM3aeJvo=\n\n— pubphys.com/log/v1 JFPwIPP8EtoxgcsQg7V7CwIdL4UKPqJtpv+eB8sFNJjyQHIdyA1VabmBsPyLqq2bLxJPn57rA6fQi8y0QDDjRXHvlQg=\n","promise":"pubphys.com/log/v1 promise\n10fae335122d78a69811d8c7e29820c669d9ed7dbf885c6feb6eef98041dc3b3\n2406\n2026-10-15T23:43:57Z\n2026-10-16T01:43:57Z\n\n— pubphys.com/log/v1 JFPwIMyeBJ3c5mrDAvCgkQQh/kdkG6hXEasDwCWsmEiIh4r9/hswYPCvqXJFu+lEoOxR4Bpqg4IBqx3ASxNmFNFJkws=\n"},"orcid_key_evidence":[],"attesting":null}