{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"afbf6ab0f16eef3d3d864d6febc81d600c1514a9b46e017e631c51621f014167","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["34a2a71c55e3cfd2ec8f674f7909c850a2d2ab560ec77ca99bb92d3b9a5f2586","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"754bfa3eb392c6104f35c6f9438e6da602198acd87cbf490423f616567eb740b","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"classification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"bio.supercooled-water.polyamorphism-criterion","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"Besides water, a few substances such as phosphorus and sulfur show a jump between two liquid forms, while for others the claim is disputed. There is no rule that says which liquids should have such a transition.","posed_since":"","precise":"First-order liquid-liquid transitions are reported in phosphorus and sulfur at high pressure and temperature and are debated in Si, $\\mathrm{SiO_2}$, triphenyl phosphite and some metallic glass formers. Find a criterion based on interaction potential and local structure (tetrahedral order, two competing local structures, softness of the repulsion) that predicts which single-component liquids show a liquid-liquid transition in the stable or metastable range, and test it across these systems.","problem_ref":"34a2a71c55e3cfd2ec8f674f7909c850a2d2ab560ec77ca99bb92d3b9a5f2586","references":"","settled_by":"A criterion that correctly classifies a set of model liquids in simulation and the established experimental cases, with predictions for untested substances later confirmed.","status_note":"A liquid-liquid transition ending at a critical point was reported in sulfur in 2020 (Henry et al., Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2593-1); no general criterion exists (2026).","title":"Which liquids have liquid-liquid transitions, and why?","topic_ref":null},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"12b321aa4eee474410dffb33a20be5bd142e301ce13670619e46d08ea0997345","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"02ff06536cba43c673178c5931818859d8e12923baea682bd69516d78cc3bddd","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"cWV16cB75XF6GcBRowfTWM3qqKEiM7LeNCVfGxdcPPxuO41oGJpwuponZ67huRG8OuW2tgFA4L9LYE0vAXauAA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"12b321aa4eee474410dffb33a20be5bd142e301ce13670619e46d08ea0997345","leaf_index":2636}