{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"60f0bccca617bb12704fec6722107cd2b6e74134c69ce83576d137afe7803378","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:50Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"ce4f8b7e3c5d73b83aa0cd3ecd1ab535adeb1ebf4b1780fbcbcd4c287a959b26","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"bio.nucleation","field":"bio","n":"1","review_cite":"G. C. Sosso, J. Chen, S. J. Cox, et al., Crystal nucleation in liquids: Open questions and future challenges in molecular dynamics simulations, Chemical Reviews, 2016","review_link":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00744","review_verified":"true","summary":"Crystals form when a tiny seed appears by chance in a liquid and then grows; classical nucleation theory (CNT) gives the rate of this from simple bulk properties. Its predictions often miss measured rates by many powers of ten, and some crystals seem to form through intermediate stages the theory leaves out.","title":"Crystal nucleation beyond classical nucleation theory","topic_ref":null,"why":"Nucleation sets the onset of ice in clouds, the crystallization of drugs, proteins and minerals, and the microstructure of metals."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"1380a85b09074fe5f36e74fddf9348a147e8d031ca52cae30320a53fa96359da","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"8c9853c59db7b0aa072548ecd04ade5e83595c9ce37cd536d3801ed795d23de7","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"Zh4mxKpZdyz-52coTTz9OZ5pBN332c0dPwSdJ_J1FBWBmHccuubuUEp40cgT3tqHD43r93glL0SM-LCJZ1HqCA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"1380a85b09074fe5f36e74fddf9348a147e8d031ca52cae30320a53fa96359da","leaf_index":97}