{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"2e79fc254e94f306344b7bdfdde6f2dad35e7a40f3da529269718c1e51305a1e","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:10Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"e607d2f48947b02a57a037c01dda078217c206ea088bc28d8b22801ce78d1a5c","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"qi.qubit-platform-limits.rydberg-gate-error-floor","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Neutral-atom computers entangle two atoms by briefly lifting them to giant, strongly interacting Rydberg states (highly excited atomic states), which decay and are disturbed by room-temperature heat radiation. How small the gate error can be made, given these limits, is not known.","posed_since":"","precise":"For controlled-Z gates between alkali or alkaline-earth atoms in optical tweezers using the Rydberg blockade, the error has contributions from radiative and blackbody-induced decay of the Rydberg state (lifetime $\\tau_R$ of order $10^{-4}\\,\\mathrm{s}$ at 300 K for principal quantum number $n \\sim 50-70$, approximate), finite blockade shift $B$ relative to the Rabi frequency, laser phase and intensity noise, and atomic motion. Determine the lowest achievable two-qubit error once all intrinsic contributions are minimized jointly over pulse shape and gate time, and decide whether errors $\\le 10^{-4}$ are reachable at room temperature or require cryogenic environments or conversion of errors into detectable erasures.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"A complete error budget, validated against measured gate errors, that gives the minimum CZ error versus $\\tau_R$, $B$ and noise spectra, with an experiment approaching it.","status_note":"Evered et al. reported 99.5% two-qubit gate fidelity on up to 60 atoms in parallel (Nature 622, 268, 2023, arXiv:2304.05420); later records were not checked for this entry.","title":"Intrinsic error floor of Rydberg-blockade entangling 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