{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"fb3bfac243603810d2773bf9442ca22feb1dfe8d396cab5f1ce0ddc40d7ba556","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:56Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"78f051db8d0e01b8ad13b051acdafa1c11e3857e0c096f83ffe6973ce2906e16","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"beams.advanced-structures.dla-relativistic-scaleup","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Laser-driven glass chips have accelerated electrons, giving up to about half an MeV in a single structure; whether many structures can be chained for MeV-scale gain while keeping the beam focused and carrying useful charge is unknown.","posed_since":"","precise":"Dielectric laser accelerators with alternating-phase focusing have shown coherent acceleration and transport of sub-relativistic electrons over sub-millimeter lengths (2021-2023), and single unstaged gratings driven by pulse-front-tilted lasers have given energy modulation up to $\\sim 0.5\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$ for relativistic electrons (UCLA, 2024-2025). Determine whether a staged DLA can deliver net energy gain above $1\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$ with transverse and longitudinal confinement and at least $1e4$ electrons per optical microbunch train, given apertures of order the laser wavelength ($\\sim 1e-4\\,\\mathrm{cm}$), wakefields, space charge and laser damage.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"A demonstration of $> 1\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$ net gain in a chained DLA with measured transmission and emittance, or a proof that wakes and space charge forbid it at the stated charge.","status_note":"Sub-relativistic phase-space control on chips (2021-2023) and up to $\\sim 0.5\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$ unstaged energy modulation of relativistic electrons (Crisp et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 27, 051303, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.051303, extended in a 2025 UCLA thesis) are reported; staged, confined MeV gain is not.","title":"Can dielectric laser accelerators reach staged MeV gain with useful 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