{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"bffb3c8a3808936890c12b01211257d94d2fda2a37ec46e287eddc3bbbbfe5f4","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:01Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"07ee789a692bd0ab8e916f7b4bf54b9e7f259a5209ce4009df142c39d839f64c","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"mechanism","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"cm.ultrafast-spintronics.spin-orbit-torque-origin","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"A current in a heavy metal like platinum or tungsten can flip an adjacent magnetic layer through spin-orbit torque. Whether the torque comes mostly from spin currents generated inside the metal or from effects at the interface is disputed.","posed_since":"","precise":"In heavy-metal/ferromagnet bilayers (Pt/Co, W/CoFeB, Ta/CoFeB), damping-like and field-like torque efficiencies depend on metal thickness, interface quality and temperature. Quantify the contributions of the bulk spin Hall effect, interfacial Rashba-Edelstein effect, interface spin-orbit scattering (spin memory loss) and orbital currents, e.g. by a first-principles transport calculation with interface disorder matching the thickness dependence of the damping-like efficiency in Pt/Co. An answer is a percentage partition with uncertainty for benchmark bilayers.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"First-principles nonequilibrium transport calculations with realistic interfaces that reproduce measured torque efficiencies versus thickness and temperature in at least two bilayer systems.","status_note":"","title":"Bulk versus interface origin of spin-orbit torques","topic_ref":"414ccd6aefd9fb9a2e0725f0b4c36f9b6df00388b672673f24e80f893d2d3186"},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"16529c8a4bc168e51b8c9ebd64381c42862469640d592e999e388c3c34105ad3","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"311b87a1bef96a2fd2197663d10612d40635a04e00a571517c75da17288f8401","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"TcOHBgf7aFBR5BFb6jU2wQeqA1gDa2AKX1Ta4VOPRG_H-JJWnATdCoTMVeBgcjyB0fplVpM6djoOIhyMEjNABg"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"16529c8a4bc168e51b8c9ebd64381c42862469640d592e999e388c3c34105ad3","leaf_index":1210}