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Two pictures compete: electrons accelerating within one energy band, or electrons and holes recombining across the band gap.","posed_since":"2011","precise":"Bulk or monolayer crystals (ZnO, SiO2, GaSe, MoS2) driven by a mid-infrared field with Keldysh parameter $\\gamma < 1$ below the damage threshold. Quantity: the fraction of the harmonic yield in each order from the interband polarization (electron-hole recollision) versus the intraband current (nonparabolic band motion, Bloch-like oscillation), as a function of order, field strength and wavelength. An answer is an experimental observable that separates the two contributions unambiguously (harmonic phase, ellipticity or two-color response) in at least one material, matched by a parameter-free microscopic calculation.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Phase-resolved harmonic measurements in a well-characterized crystal compared with ab initio time-dependent calculations that include propagation through the sample.","status_note":"Different materials and drive wavelengths have been reported to favor different dominant mechanisms; no unified microscopic account exists as of 2024.","title":"Interband versus intraband currents in high-harmonic generation from 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