{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"5d596f88f32f75ddf680ec07e9575f0a62c53ce6823238290285600c60a22c2f","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:55Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"6f5f9aae5fadcc306844608dc250aea8860c7675085cd9df1edfaea361727ba0","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.high-energy-neutrino-sources.galactic-plane","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"In 2023 IceCube detected neutrinos from the plane of the Milky Way; they could come from cosmic rays hitting interstellar gas everywhere or from a set of individual sources.","posed_since":"2023","precise":"IceCube found Galactic-plane neutrino emission at $4.5\\,\\sigma$ (2023), consistent with diffuse templates built from cosmic-ray interactions with gas. Determine the fraction from unresolved sources (PeVatrons such as the LHAASO sources above $1\\mathrm{e}14\\,\\mathrm{eV}$) versus diffuse interactions, and whether the flux requires harder cosmic-ray spectra in the inner Galaxy than near the Sun. Answer: the source fraction and the neutrino spectrum, consistent with diffuse gamma-ray maps above $1\\mathrm{e}14\\,\\mathrm{eV}$.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Joint fits of neutrino maps from IceCube and Northern-Hemisphere detectors (KM3NeT, Baikal-GVD), which view the inner Galaxy better, with LHAASO diffuse gamma-ray maps.","status_note":"2023: IceCube reported $4.5\\sigma$ Galactic-plane emission, of order 10 percent of the all-sky astrophysical flux near $30\\ \\mathrm{TeV}$.","title":"Are Galactic-plane neutrinos diffuse or from discrete 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