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Gd2PdSi3 and GdRu2Si2 have that symmetry yet host very small skyrmions, and the competing explanations involve geometric frustration or interactions carried by conduction electrons.","posed_since":"2019","precise":"For Gd2PdSi3 (triangular) and GdRu2Si2 (tetragonal), with skyrmion-lattice periods of about 2 to 3 nm, determine which mechanism stabilizes the multi-$q$ state: frustrated RKKY couplings, Fermi-surface-driven biquadratic and four-spin interactions, or dipolar and anisotropy effects. An answer is a microscopic model derived from the measured band structure that reproduces the field-temperature phase diagram and the modulation vectors.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Ab initio spin models compared with resonant x-ray and neutron data over the full phase diagram, plus pressure or doping tuning of the Fermi surface.","status_note":"","title":"What stabilizes skyrmion lattices in centrosymmetric magnets like 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