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They fail for comb-shaped fields, and no replacement is agreed.","posed_since":"2010","precise":"Construct a model converting a spatially modulated dose distribution with peak-to-valley ratios of 10 to 100 into an equivalent uniform dose for tumour control and for normal-tissue complication, valid for single fractions of $10^{3}$ to $10^{4}$ rad peak. The linear-quadratic formalism with $\\alpha$ and $\\beta$ applied voxel by voxel is the current default and is known to fail. An answer is a model validated against measured outcomes across several geometries.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Prospective prediction of tumour and normal-tissue response for geometries not used in fitting.","status_note":"","title":"Dose model for highly non-uniform 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