{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"cbf995fe1591836cfb9ff08d11e2cbb7f5f5f601441816016b9cc08b69b1b446","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:58Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"8851018aaa1c143acf9e77c95da8bd171c8cf98541ea93a0d2bda19c2b02d63b","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"cm.amorphous-low-temperature.ultrastable-depletion","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"partially-resolved","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Glasses grown very slowly, for example by vapor deposition, can be far more stable than ordinary glasses, and some show far fewer tunneling defects or none detectable. Whether oxide glasses can be made free of them, and how fast their number drops with stability, is open.","posed_since":"","precise":"Vapor-deposited ultrastable indomethacin (Perez-Castaneda et al. 2014) shows strongly reduced tunneling-defect density, e-beam deposited hydrogen-free a-Si films showed no detectable tunneling states (Liu et al., Physical Review Letters 113, 025503, 2014), and simulations of glasses prepared by swap Monte Carlo find the defect density falling steeply with decreasing fictive temperature $T_f$ (Khomenko et al. 2020). Determine $P(T_f)$ for network glasses such as SiO2 and whether the a-Si result generalizes, i.e. whether $P \\to 0$ at finite $T_f$ or only in the ideal-glass limit.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Low-temperature specific heat and internal friction on a family of ultrastable glasses with measured $T_{f}$, compared with simulations covering the same $T_{f}$ range.","status_note":"Tunneling-state-free a-Si films (2014), depleted ultrastable indomethacin (2014) and simulations (2020) show strong depletion; whether network oxides can be made defect-free is open.","title":"Can two-level systems be removed by making glasses more stable?","topic_ref":"d5ba98a0b7fd03c8a459d017fd4e5e33d6f390cd71005b8a63b71f0973f4abf6"},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"26b990f95704da55626b45a88a918b049848d825c7df13440bd01c51ac0f159e","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"5b5ad1b3e4f9e7e3bacb8ef63c69271b46d95a62969dc4ea2df4bb43ac911679","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"NEpWQvLP8c3oL-1UEZHQL7phwpm02c4Loj27TopHXbl_QOpWegcGR0Q3TcrgFe56JozVwGCoQk6ifnKm92GwAg"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIW1rRs-T55-O6y472PGknG0bZWmKWncTqLfS7Q6yRFnnxIFtUmsTtj5LAzHs39RWIqgfTSXK2EkzCKFA0yU5TkM6YCPAgC3pe-iCQEymfFQXNXJQMt6sm-ak8ms90NVmA-scN2ocI8SAcaqmXLNvElbAsw_euHEKD45c9q4KDukOQFqw49yx_0gjxINbL0sXbhBaWaySC4LbvP2B4DBSDcS-4IVr6YE-8TCbtCPEg7OAbElGdCur0S_pqWU-IAC_lgdFywsOB9Mh8_gsO0ZwI8CDFkncYPaRj7AJppFaxX963BJFn6vfBnW-IA5zVcjJfewjxIPKV6XkIVxB6zTNwShcXvtclGhIqSpEaTf5Jioh6nDXPCPEgeXNVzcuD027sru55Y1PcT2z1CuWU2W4A3vqh452xOX0I8SCuet_E6kln8_ZRXavjld8BdUsVBp253AP3BX1K8IYKnwjwIK9SXvHBwgJE5CknXtp2lOqKcbHlJ-ncP9sNjnTHUJsmCPEgytIBB3x7TFDT-XqOV-9vpqw1NKoAu0dhtsCbAMql2L0I8CCtNZgmApuKULvPC9nsMCaM05arV-F3o5FTlnJCnRvdMgjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn7Pmby5WLyI-A0I8QRqwKw78AhITF7Tr3a1xP8Ag9_jDS75DI4sK2h0dHBzOi8vYm9iLmJ0Yy5jYWxlbmRhci5vcGVudGltZXN0YW1wcy5vcmcI8CBXWeNiWFWltfHE0nkDXsVKIykUUwuObhsnN-2fvBt98gjwIM5Vf7j68sOFgVysYMc5S09Hho-fqxYW3oQ4oKUX7JpPCPAgaKHHQB3sdd9w1hu4NMh7vmb-p0X2r4uyVKKCj1G7S28I8SAW2Mg6Bzi9ygjrrjIYB7w90fwMcxH24SsqLmzPyAMGfwjwIMQ863zlveYIpNKWVrZaDOa4vowwoOg2CcTW8gXtxK3dCPEgrZxGGAf-t8jhz_eLMUyBN1IhNrdYDRcNHWvQcwNG9woI8CCVOUHG1YXudbaFIgUYvrCIevRWvb2ubhQAo-z0duD0rQjxIDBeKerVGkO3J2eXDwdraSioXbIWsdIPEN1s8pIwJIS2CPAgV2kB3n3JZ5HwBQjpRL1CWKnqvdCjZk3RcALk6N2wHigI8CB-wbljNlfqElD25uZkNg6taS81YDRU2vfMqGVQ420O9AjxWQEAAAABJM43UU6MLMRrPlCUqossvu1q_knons5yylyWTgxZzWUAAAAAAP7___8CLgABAAAAAAAWABQrYt3E7OllKRCEmL3FL589l78_5wAAAAAAAAAAImog8ATiyw4ACAjxILmbcIO7ixv3pCtwUMZ1VQGKus54F9lZ8-w5ECD5ZuiICAjwIG6ynCyFTLPE7Rgk-0ZGCtBDyqNQx8YvaSZNHy8D8p8jCAjwIMX8zoD2Be1YWvcx_bexVPRmBX0hK-do8b8t9SarimQVCAjxIG6XtpqIEclLlhzcK1LVjqoPGrjjmLnyno8tcETMzECECAjwIF6mlfXOFY51JhrK4eze8zQlKV75OYZYqbtyi8BWxmAsCAjwIKKUcJmVoz-u-geiRV_-ZHdF0VEPXaEPFWf_JX_0e7G2CAjxIGMeD0Z5QWNKBcAEpHht007FFIILW6aSJ8f3CMkKNsneCAjwIBFr6Je8rkB7kwhPGbq0yRgFwZsvW9JhY5sXDRtrq0QwCAjwIAHAwXaus-yUgKICJB5mVvx8VZuJgjwnpb0qWPg1pi6DCAjxIAJhb8cefkVHTAMymdsxa-_i-tUua62LcpALQnPG7R9_CAjwIDvsFqBhPfAL6TCtXZd7gBWmMpx6iiZ-Ug0Jf_LlcstgCAjwIDJRBX6Q0Vge-ra-k1_g76yJWTEp6WWF13I3JpTnsZPJCAjwILykZCbkC9VQgl5gytPKKir6T9nTvKR6y05iWSHBTQgzCAgABYiWDXPXGQED45c78Ah-sGbmQAwfZwjwEAYqxtHnZiPZnJEGPx_JvKsI8SDXkqDg17YsZIrEz5acRx7mBXCKW5mKNgRYnw_-U2cpDgjxBGrArDrwCEfK6Mono428_wCD3-MNLvkMji4taHR0cHM6Ly9hbGljZS5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3JnCPAg10nyJ6Jn4kshQQQCKE0Lvj3hBC6nLRBVIzaPV4eh8VwI8CCQaAqWlxEbac_XOq1MOlf9iOKHEsxXspzbjK0vLpy8BwjwII3iRbRXUcDxrhAdkZmFlI15nySCSEZ7g922tF1Xln5DCPEgYYvZ1L4v4rPu_UqLfcHPtwSb2OH2GhPgVcVhhH6DpkQI8CDZCIoR20sC-uchP40oAmcLm9EJFV7xzwplj54AeVadXQjxILvLBjPFpCoz29m9Yf2qRnV7PI9GqxE8ozVQfk9QwCqrCPEgZXcMudvEoB_MJ8tqOW2PLTKAIeQBnE-1bfzptRc2gR8I8VkBAAAAAfXq-bmxWqOz7B5wKkwjzHGv2R4s7Y0Z76LqXWYNhmz0AAAAAAD-____Av0cAAAAAAAAFgAUl-skmdZDtn7Hnub6mF4HP2uVn7oAAAAAAAAAACJqIPAE4MsOAAgI8CBDmQsbEXc46Hu8DivhCBM1LGExa4TTM-wo7HpoCVjBTQgI8CCty5vkQtPHzzs8xqArOYhVSjgaDoG1ou3cojv5_P7wQQgI8SDQWB0kdXCTwbk-TqTt0QfRMyzDNLOtU1XXFgvGSRlW8wgI8CC2PKa_QCIBZtrXodq1GdEzppISMsMRDOnzr2gFjLKOAAgI8CCwQ_QF67bcFk_uJ2s0VCZmf5PGIjTmTCpt_qnVY5p_8AgI8SAbzyx7z-oxPMju6PvtQhzrJIQyH2ZAc9oyLuYemzbmZQgI8CC5bh7J74uUk91r8LwybHQFCNBC3PWeuwtMCCNFKWj19AgI8SAf4R2TUNPjaX_PWDUImpoITK0JoW89zaMKnD1wlEEi8AgI8SC2vNmdm7eyP5Ytl1yTzT0njliMdALl1ViKG-s3bG2zswgI8CCpbIVNz1GFVXdJk2zd82hBUoNFFemUPBt7IJdWEOciPwgI8CBtYdRQcrtX1FtCm1SxF7sx-5cO04U8KzbJh8fqBkyReAgI8CBHs2LGmX6gI-lV7yp1RrV7_tGfdiBAwnEFF6B6yXHzAQgI8CATotVmbXBMAixhZ-QKy5Q4lR0FusdA_wcIC1TbB7GmxAgIAAWIlg1z1xkBA-KXOw"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEI-uQ0V1mdzpQjnn1p4-fnzGHoRQqrvnHR_-bdNuXWYXbwIPr7vqC6UpAjki9gGxJ0JvMJ6CJq-0Yzs-K1P-1VNGFWCPEgIbDj0kSKC7lrOuSlPw6STt-FeEb5wuHWEwN2f7IMeacI8SCyAfN4PhRPlP-iJKZdPL90EsJTLXJvqVIq853rGlOMdAjxICrgkPSUpbppry_lsypQi_SaSQ1dJi6-o_y3rDq1qx3hCPEgLPNWjnHmQwnuoXJrrS50nX9si6V2nY55g55KCF1Gaz8I8SAYagZTEwCVlMgXqQhOihWFZYtRA7vimmk7YupjYdRxTgjwII1OGo6m_8GpiiXK1pC7312jTWia9PNuWF9nWxoSLBVxCPAgwaB6v5-rgNtbRovqByHYFx5vLPaMlAE1dmQXdsyW6UQI8SDWlL7IzfO_cwYxfadaDmoPVp0tptPmw2XmYaU4JMe_wgj_8Ah24IVYDhTLjQjwED2StpR20zKnAmFKLczkHJkI8CCe67kSLOh57nysQqZi1IHlJdGlLtKL-P9z6nKaUvm3XQjxICOd9Lx83cM_96PY2EN1mm5UmleuFn5-z5m8uVi8iPgNCPEEasCsO_AISExe0692tcT_AIPf4w0u-QyOLCtodHRwczovL2JvYi5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3JnCPAgV1njYlhVpbXxxNJ5A17FSiMpFFMLjm4bJzftn7wbffII8CDOVX-4-vLDhYFcrGDHOUtPR4aPn6sWFt6EOKClF-yaTwjwIGihx0Ad7HXfcNYbuDTIe75m_qdF9q-LslSigo9Ru0tvCPEgFtjIOgc4vcoI664yGAe8PdH8DHMR9uErKi5sz8gDBn8I8CDEPOt85b3mCKTSlla2WgzmuL6MMKDoNgnE1vIF7cSt3QjxIK2cRhgH_rfI4c_3izFMgTdSITa3WA0XDR1r0HMDRvcKCPAglTlBxtWF7nW2hSIFGL6wiHr0Vr29rm4UAKPs9Hbg9K0I8SAwXinq1RpDtydnlw8Ha2koqF2yFrHSDxDdbPKSMCSEtgjwIFdpAd59yWeR8AUI6US9Qlip6r3Qo2ZN0XAC5OjdsB4oCPAgfsG5YzZX6hJQ9ubmZDYOrWkvNWA0VNr3zKhlUONtDvQI8VkBAAAAASTON1FOjCzEaz5QlKqLLL7tav5J6J7Ocspclk4MWc1lAAAAAAD-____Ai4AAQAAAAAAFgAUK2LdxOzpZSkQhJi9xS-fPZe_P-cAAAAAAAAAACJqIPAE4ssOAAgI8SC5m3CDu4sb96QrcFDGdVUBirrOeBfZWfPsORAg-WboiAgI8CBuspwshUyzxO0YJPtGRgrQQ8qjUMfGL2kmTR8vA_KfIwgI8CDF_M6A9gXtWFr3Mf23sVT0ZgV9ISvnaPG_LfUmq4pkFQgI8SBul7aaiBHJS5Yc3CtS1Y6qDxq445i58p6PLXBEzMxAhAgI8CBeppX1zhWOdSYayuHs3vM0JSle-TmGWKm7covAVsZgLAgI8CCilHCZlaM_rvoHokVf_mR3RdFRD12hDxVn_yV_9HuxtggI8SBjHg9GeUFjSgXABKR4bdNOxRSCC1umkifH9wjJCjbJ3ggI8CARa-iXvK5Ae5MITxm6tMkYBcGbL1vSYWObFw0ba6tEMAgI8CABwMF2rrPslICiAiQeZlb8fFWbiYI8J6W9Klj4NaYugwgI8SACYW_HHn5FR0wDMpnbMWvv4vrVLmuti3KQC0Jzxu0ffwgI8CA77BagYT3wC-kwrV2Xe4AVpjKceoomflINCX_y5XLLYAgI8CAyUQV-kNFYHvq2vpNf4O-siVkxKellhddyNyaU57GTyQgI8CC8pGQm5AvVUIJeYMrTyioq-k_Z07ykestOYlkhwU0IMwgIAAWIlg1z1xkBA-OXO_AIfrBm5kAMH2cI8BAGKsbR52Yj2ZyRBj8fybyrCPEg15Kg4Ne2LGSKxM-WnEce5gVwiluZijYEWJ8P_lNnKQ4I8QRqwKw68AhHyujKJ6ONvP8Ag9_jDS75DI4uLWh0dHBzOi8vYWxpY2UuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZwjwINdJ8ieiZ-JLIUEEAihNC7494QQupy0QVSM2j1eHofFcCPAgkGgKlpcRG2nP1zqtTDpX_YjihxLMV7Kc24ytLy6cvAcI8CCN4kW0V1HA8a4QHZGZhZSNeZ8kgkhGe4PdtrRdV5Z-QwjxIGGL2dS-L-Kz7v1Ki33Bz7cEm9jh9hoT4FXFYYR-g6ZECPAg2QiKEdtLAvrnIT-NKAJnC5vRCRVe8c8KZY-eAHlWnV0I8SC7ywYzxaQqM9vZvWH9qkZ1ezyPRqsRPKM1UH5PUMAqqwjxIGV3DLnbxKAfzCfLajltjy0ygCHkAZxPtW386bUXNoEfCPFZAQAAAAH16vm5sVqjs-wecCpMI8xxr9keLO2NGe-i6l1mDYZs9AAAAAAA_v___wL9HAAAAAAAABYAFJfrJJnWQ7Z-x57m-pheBz9rlZ-6AAAAAAAAAAAiaiDwBODLDgAICPAgQ5kLGxF3OOh7vA4r4QgTNSxhMWuE0zPsKOx6aAlYwU0ICPAgrcub5ELTx887PMagKzmIVUo4Gg6BtaLt3KI7-fz-8EEICPEg0FgdJHVwk8G5Pk6k7dEH0TMswzSzrVNV1xYLxkkZVvMICPAgtjymv0AiAWba16HatRnRM6aSEjLDEQzp869oBYyyjgAICPAgsEP0Beu23BZP7idrNFQmZn-TxiI05kwqbf6p1WOaf_AICPEgG88se8_qMTzI7uj77UIc6ySEMh9mQHPaMi7mHps25mUICPAguW4eye-LlJPda_C8Mmx0BQjQQtz1nrsLTAgjRSlo9fQICPEgH-Edk1DT42l_z1g1CJqaCEytCaFvPc2jCpw9cJRBIvAICPEgtrzZnZu3sj-WLZdck809J45YjHQC5dVYihvrN2xts7MICPAgqWyFTc9RhVV3SZNs3fNoQVKDRRXplDwbeyCXVhDnIj8ICPAgbWHUUHK7V9RbQptUsRe7MfuXDtOFPCs2yYfH6gZMkXgICPAgR7Nixpl-oCPpVe8qdUa1e_7Rn3YgQMJxBRegeslx8wEICPAgE6LVZm1wTAIsYWfkCsuUOJUdBbrHQP8HCAtU2wexpsQICAAFiJYNc9cZAQPilzs"]},"log":{"leaf_index":"907","tree_size":"2123","proof":["1b863b81eefdb106e79b9035d2643c8475147d6acecb58a1d1902a4bd812e16d","d0fba6b9bace7f03e1d42c0365fc9570d7de6c4ae8508515f65f52936aa07d5e","07f17f4c40f59fa1d456db0b55bd228bd372a1196da3713ea57920c3fc000674","9d771b46626377cd97d718f0bf013eecccb1ae7b3b3935863428b79ecd2e65cc","c272046ebd830fa8c40df92f29324f5d091061900d653fe152d1140ae62121f1","db1929b377898b74572c0cbb270764171cb43666065677f78f59f3eae2f2c9e2","d803919098a797a95cfded6827a8f44b263b174d00a698d7814e879b83eb0711","9471d9bb2701ba5df2e17afc92460ffda975b28eaa1ba5ef2c93dcae4a2db364","cba222c71b49d79b667b9eb145f4a2927b31dafcf0f9407638f19a25d0726210","14108339881e6713df1e6d34582069c609e80460dc60638e661361aa4403ff51","ec3fa24572dee1df200ec665f3e3244d925b199f0f84e225b820c3b66bd7b094","addcf2e0ff7974e4aa99af5e30d409f90d9f4311a4d85f5baf3e125eeb45b4c1"],"checkpoint":"pubphys.com/log/v1\n2123\npXVcluz7BF4vgChQs6lShuU0386gCH0RxrC1sxyE3rI=\n\n— pubphys.com/log/v1 JFPwIOLzsUD22XoTVyTfk/FMVj/u3f3DxZk4V/Ws10KVSS+8WQSwhunQ//EAhyS9Td5CyM0E++85GMezmKd8240j9Q8=\n","promise":null},"orcid_key_evidence":[],"attesting":null}