{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"d04fe21c1e17978d1280e19078687272f157fa1aa3612a0c5a3b02ce5be5e41b","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:53Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"77fca041c26da4e601a2985b6f89080f50f2046f43acb97ec429992702a7d041","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"amo.casimir-dispersion-forces.massive-mirror-dce","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"A mirror shaken fast enough should turn vacuum fluctuations into real photon pairs, the dynamical Casimir effect. It has been seen with electrical circuits that act like a moving mirror, but never with a real massive object.","posed_since":"","precise":"A mechanical mirror or membrane forming one wall of an electromagnetic cavity, oscillating at frequency $\\Omega$ with amplitude $a$; photon pairs are created at the cavity mode $\\omega = \\Omega/2$ at a rate set by $(a \\Omega / c)^{2}$ and the cavity quality factor. Mechanical resonators reach Omega/2pi of order $1\\mathrm{e}9 \\text{ to } 1\\mathrm{e}10\\,\\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ only with tiny amplitudes. An answer is detection of photon pairs from a mechanically moving body with rate and two-mode squeezing matching theory, separated from thermal and parametric backgrounds.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"A cryogenic measurement of photon pair emission from a GHz mechanical resonator coupled to a high-Q cavity, with correlations distinguishing it from thermal emission.","status_note":"The effect was observed with a SQUID-modulated superconducting transmission line acting as an effective mirror (Wilson et al., Nature 2011); no massive-mirror observation is known.","title":"Dynamical Casimir photon creation by a moving massive 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