{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"9c03adc0d0d65a7b0ba922ee32fe943a6eb7b68a858042d210e996a74830acaa","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:50Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"d82dc3b995e4d04c30d491a99bd48dc0f2f6d1aee39645b471453aaa92337658","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"beams.beam-brightness","field":"beams","n":"1","review_cite":"P. Musumeci, J. Giner Navarro, J. B. Rosenzweig et al., Advances in bright electron sources, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2018","review_link":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.03.019","review_verified":"true","summary":"A bright beam packs many electrons into a small, nearly parallel, short package, which decides how sharp an x-ray source or electron camera can be. Limits come from the cathode, from the electrons pushing each other apart, and from collisions inside the beam.","title":"Brightness limits of electron sources and storage rings","topic_ref":null,"why":"Brightness sets the performance of x-ray FELs, ultrafast electron diffraction and diffraction-limited synchrotron light sources."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"3311684a3644100d5c4072cc7fb5698b312b296ec8b7139e230fbc39301d2361","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"ef19b2162d3a2694f41d35e9867da5b7406e18860f7cc2bfe8e355a44b45986e","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"sYJ1XKb6QAiJYqG_brfYyY6FpKpHj6rTQ1pDvHGOkUiUcK4JHtETpGpB982iKHMz83S--7qPjVkHPo4QRm01AA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"3311684a3644100d5c4072cc7fb5698b312b296ec8b7139e230fbc39301d2361","leaf_index":62}