{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"b92d1675b9754480f55721722fc58c4cb95f317fcc02789be9e2d7986fee0e39","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:58Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"536d44a41c9a0e4a8bbfa373c16ddb8b7118dcaccf3a205ad8faaa07a6c2e219","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"classification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"bio.supercooled-water.polyamorphism-criterion","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Besides water, a few substances such as phosphorus and sulfur show a jump between two liquid forms, while for others the claim is disputed. There is no rule that says which liquids should have such a transition.","posed_since":"","precise":"First-order liquid-liquid transitions are reported in phosphorus and sulfur at high pressure and temperature and are debated in Si, SiO2, triphenyl phosphite and some metallic glass formers. Find a criterion based on interaction potential and local structure (tetrahedral order, two competing local structures, softness of the repulsion) that predicts which single-component liquids show a liquid-liquid transition in the stable or metastable range, and test it across these systems.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"A criterion that correctly classifies a set of model liquids in simulation and the established experimental cases, with predictions for untested substances later confirmed.","status_note":"A liquid-liquid transition ending at a critical point was reported in sulfur in 2020 (Henry et al., Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2593-1); no general criterion exists (2026).","title":"Which liquids have liquid-liquid transitions, and why","topic_ref":"b1cabd44310015cc3941b7af0461d416e3c8ad464f6c3ad6f6fdbf54214bd97e"},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"34a2a71c55e3cfd2ec8f674f7909c850a2d2ab560ec77ca99bb92d3b9a5f2586","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"f828320f5fc3642a53595b2f59ac925dcd69a7f0b0b6898d03cdeadd09ec8d56","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"UAw-ZVxE9cV5tqFdYV0O1-pORA5bJY8wP3_d_GyP7bQKDobFMEy_H3T_rjLLhsYb-3IS6pkHu6L9Yup2JR7EBA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"34a2a71c55e3cfd2ec8f674f7909c850a2d2ab560ec77ca99bb92d3b9a5f2586","leaf_index":839}