{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"b92d1675b9754480f55721722fc58c4cb95f317fcc02789be9e2d7986fee0e39","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:58Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"536d44a41c9a0e4a8bbfa373c16ddb8b7118dcaccf3a205ad8faaa07a6c2e219","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"classification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"bio.supercooled-water.polyamorphism-criterion","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Besides water, a few substances such as phosphorus and sulfur show a jump between two liquid forms, while for others the claim is disputed. There is no rule that says which liquids should have such a transition.","posed_since":"","precise":"First-order liquid-liquid transitions are reported in phosphorus and sulfur at high pressure and temperature and are debated in Si, SiO2, triphenyl phosphite and some metallic glass formers. Find a criterion based on interaction potential and local structure (tetrahedral order, two competing local structures, softness of the repulsion) that predicts which single-component liquids show a liquid-liquid transition in the stable or metastable range, and test it across these systems.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"A criterion that correctly classifies a set of model liquids in simulation and the established experimental cases, with predictions for untested substances later confirmed.","status_note":"A liquid-liquid transition ending at a critical point was reported in sulfur in 2020 (Henry et al., Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2593-1); no general criterion exists (2026).","title":"Which liquids have liquid-liquid transitions, and why","topic_ref":"b1cabd44310015cc3941b7af0461d416e3c8ad464f6c3ad6f6fdbf54214bd97e"},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"34a2a71c55e3cfd2ec8f674f7909c850a2d2ab560ec77ca99bb92d3b9a5f2586","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"f828320f5fc3642a53595b2f59ac925dcd69a7f0b0b6898d03cdeadd09ec8d56","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"UAw-ZVxE9cV5tqFdYV0O1-pORA5bJY8wP3_d_GyP7bQKDobFMEy_H3T_rjLLhsYb-3IS6pkHu6L9Yup2JR7EBA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEI-CgyD1_DZCpTWVsvWaySXc1pp_CwtomNA83q3QnsjVbwIPgtS46snU6RaOmT1myCvIU6uui-p9XL0Op8837vSC5YCPAgEC0h3myWsh1Ej5jMM8o8-5w9iJnpkMrfWaNDjtFecxoI8CCM_-UTd01HGSUOpzArlMZAUiByCqWcrzLQJWQbeRse8QjwIFUKWOJGFE4dLjAqZoimlQsf4uMO6GF5JfdBXBBAYzBkCPEgWIx0uvtEGVwIUcH3hpddUnylrquUUn-Kl9rzmeVhbesI8CCaVvGFcFjWuGlxcE3iF0dvk0TcN-e8_-WkY_vxMeYSCQjwII1OGo6m_8GpiiXK1pC7312jTWia9PNuWF9nWxoSLBVxCPAgwaB6v5-rgNtbRovqByHYFx5vLPaMlAE1dmQXdsyW6UQI8SDWlL7IzfO_cwYxfadaDmoPVp0tptPmw2XmYaU4JMe_wgj_8Ah24IVYDhTLjQjwED2StpR20zKnAmFKLczkHJkI8CCe67kSLOh57nysQqZi1IHlJdGlLtKL-P9z6nKaUvm3XQjxICOd9Lx83cM_96PY2EN1mm5UmleuFn5-z5m8uVi8iPgNCPEEasCsO_AISExe0692tcT_AIPf4w0u-QyOLCtodHRwczovL2JvYi5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3JnCPAgV1njYlhVpbXxxNJ5A17FSiMpFFMLjm4bJzftn7wbffII8CDOVX-4-vLDhYFcrGDHOUtPR4aPn6sWFt6EOKClF-yaTwjwIGihx0Ad7HXfcNYbuDTIe75m_qdF9q-LslSigo9Ru0tvCPEgFtjIOgc4vcoI664yGAe8PdH8DHMR9uErKi5sz8gDBn8I8CDEPOt85b3mCKTSlla2WgzmuL6MMKDoNgnE1vIF7cSt3QjxIK2cRhgH_rfI4c_3izFMgTdSITa3WA0XDR1r0HMDRvcKCPAglTlBxtWF7nW2hSIFGL6wiHr0Vr29rm4UAKPs9Hbg9K0I8SAwXinq1RpDtydnlw8Ha2koqF2yFrHSDxDdbPKSMCSEtgjwIFdpAd59yWeR8AUI6US9Qlip6r3Qo2ZN0XAC5OjdsB4oCPAgfsG5YzZX6hJQ9ubmZDYOrWkvNWA0VNr3zKhlUONtDvQI8VkBAAAAASTON1FOjCzEaz5QlKqLLL7tav5J6J7Ocspclk4MWc1lAAAAAAD-____Ai4AAQAAAAAAFgAUK2LdxOzpZSkQhJi9xS-fPZe_P-cAAAAAAAAAACJqIPAE4ssOAAgI8SC5m3CDu4sb96QrcFDGdVUBirrOeBfZWfPsORAg-WboiAgI8CBuspwshUyzxO0YJPtGRgrQQ8qjUMfGL2kmTR8vA_KfIwgI8CDF_M6A9gXtWFr3Mf23sVT0ZgV9ISvnaPG_LfUmq4pkFQgI8SBul7aaiBHJS5Yc3CtS1Y6qDxq445i58p6PLXBEzMxAhAgI8CBeppX1zhWOdSYayuHs3vM0JSle-TmGWKm7covAVsZgLAgI8CCilHCZlaM_rvoHokVf_mR3RdFRD12hDxVn_yV_9HuxtggI8SBjHg9GeUFjSgXABKR4bdNOxRSCC1umkifH9wjJCjbJ3ggI8CARa-iXvK5Ae5MITxm6tMkYBcGbL1vSYWObFw0ba6tEMAgI8CABwMF2rrPslICiAiQeZlb8fFWbiYI8J6W9Klj4NaYugwgI8SACYW_HHn5FR0wDMpnbMWvv4vrVLmuti3KQC0Jzxu0ffwgI8CA77BagYT3wC-kwrV2Xe4AVpjKceoomflINCX_y5XLLYAgI8CAyUQV-kNFYHvq2vpNf4O-siVkxKellhddyNyaU57GTyQgI8CC8pGQm5AvVUIJeYMrTyioq-k_Z07ykestOYlkhwU0IMwgIAAWIlg1z1xkBA-OXO_AIfrBm5kAMH2cI8BAGKsbR52Yj2ZyRBj8fybyrCPEg15Kg4Ne2LGSKxM-WnEce5gVwiluZijYEWJ8P_lNnKQ4I8QRqwKw68AhHyujKJ6ONvP8Ag9_jDS75DI4uLWh0dHBzOi8vYWxpY2UuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZwjwINdJ8ieiZ-JLIUEEAihNC7494QQupy0QVSM2j1eHofFcCPAgkGgKlpcRG2nP1zqtTDpX_YjihxLMV7Kc24ytLy6cvAcI8CCN4kW0V1HA8a4QHZGZhZSNeZ8kgkhGe4PdtrRdV5Z-QwjxIGGL2dS-L-Kz7v1Ki33Bz7cEm9jh9hoT4FXFYYR-g6ZECPAg2QiKEdtLAvrnIT-NKAJnC5vRCRVe8c8KZY-eAHlWnV0I8SC7ywYzxaQqM9vZvWH9qkZ1ezyPRqsRPKM1UH5PUMAqqwjxIGV3DLnbxKAfzCfLajltjy0ygCHkAZxPtW386bUXNoEfCPFZAQAAAAH16vm5sVqjs-wecCpMI8xxr9keLO2NGe-i6l1mDYZs9AAAAAAA_v___wL9HAAAAAAAABYAFJfrJJnWQ7Z-x57m-pheBz9rlZ-6AAAAAAAAAAAiaiDwBODLDgAICPAgQ5kLGxF3OOh7vA4r4QgTNSxhMWuE0zPsKOx6aAlYwU0ICPAgrcub5ELTx887PMagKzmIVUo4Gg6BtaLt3KI7-fz-8EEICPEg0FgdJHVwk8G5Pk6k7dEH0TMswzSzrVNV1xYLxkkZVvMICPAgtjymv0AiAWba16HatRnRM6aSEjLDEQzp869oBYyyjgAICPAgsEP0Beu23BZP7idrNFQmZn-TxiI05kwqbf6p1WOaf_AICPEgG88se8_qMTzI7uj77UIc6ySEMh9mQHPaMi7mHps25mUICPAguW4eye-LlJPda_C8Mmx0BQjQQtz1nrsLTAgjRSlo9fQICPEgH-Edk1DT42l_z1g1CJqaCEytCaFvPc2jCpw9cJRBIvAICPEgtrzZnZu3sj-WLZdck809J45YjHQC5dVYihvrN2xts7MICPAgqWyFTc9RhVV3SZNs3fNoQVKDRRXplDwbeyCXVhDnIj8ICPAgbWHUUHK7V9RbQptUsRe7MfuXDtOFPCs2yYfH6gZMkXgICPAgR7Nixpl-oCPpVe8qdUa1e_7Rn3YgQMJxBRegeslx8wEICPAgE6LVZm1wTAIsYWfkCsuUOJUdBbrHQP8HCAtU2wexpsQICAAFiJYNc9cZAQPilzs"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIesbNTTtWoswA4iOlUi40UUnpki79u66EyUsYiPu6zHPwIHruPtkyoRhnNgzDlDag0Cw-1eWa7QrlgPil6cKzhX70CPAgb4sT0MHDb4hXmQotAuAFkhPHZqnEpC0ziDx-gLw3FgEI8SAW5qbmYisujiDg6DWEnthjEoN6f7DKTXXrTn3X_bAEIgjwIFo_lcmrclM9gUOBrWH4sezgd9qMXP044RSGVV8o2a4-CPAgKaX8s2oSH5zjQbufz63vUi8kmu1k4C1yqjNUMbdnH1II8SAkxPBeQk9swSOhpc1CGrPkUP9LFJ9RDR7geR_01LMegQjxIEobgLOgwqyqnIspNXkF7yBH5kfziDUlNs6RX--57f1DCPEgh4LZF42g0kH3DY6zt2g7LubZ1jM3BFR90pRDqduaWSUI8SB8izl_Yn9kR2zBmnu-HVjv452ytRQyuNX-opb_OJzg_gjxINBAKCf3cKChW811B6TkfdlxdONUiLQA88uJMnPer4KuCPEgytIBB3x7TFDT-XqOV-9vpqw1NKoAu0dhtsCbAMql2L0I8CCtNZgmApuKULvPC9nsMCaM05arV-F3o5FTlnJCnRvdMgjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn7Pmby5WLyI-A0I8QRqwKw78AhITF7Tr3a1xP8Ag9_jDS75DI4sK2h0dHBzOi8vYm9iLmJ0Yy5jYWxlbmRhci5vcGVudGltZXN0YW1wcy5vcmcI8CBXWeNiWFWltfHE0nkDXsVKIykUUwuObhsnN-2fvBt98gjwIM5Vf7j68sOFgVysYMc5S09Hho-fqxY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