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Hidden young planets could carve them, but other processes can make rings too.","posed_since":"","precise":"ALMA images show axisymmetric dust rings and gaps at $10\\text{-}100\\,\\mathrm{AU}$ in $\\sim 1\\,\\mathrm{Myr}$ disks. Determine for the population whether gaps are opened by embedded planets of $\\sim 0.1-1\\ \\text{Jupiter masses}$ or by non-planetary processes (condensation fronts, magnetohydrodynamic zonal flows, secular gravitational instability). The answer is the fraction of gaps with a planetary origin.","problem_ref":"b3b9d232f12512765ad22458c5f17e9669bc02600931f4b0dde291adaae37f0e","references":"","settled_by":"Direct imaging or gas-kinematic detection of planets inside gaps for a representative disk sample, with upper limits for the rest.","status_note":"Planets were imaged inside disk gaps in PDS 70 (2018-2019) and WISPIT 2 (WISPIT 2b in 2025, a second planet WISPIT 2c confirmed in 2026); for most ringed disks no planet has been detected.","title":"Are the rings in protoplanetary disks carved by 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