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No theory predicts it from a material's structure and defect content.","posed_since":"1969","precise":"In $S_R(f)/R^{2} = \\alpha_H/(N_c f)$, measured $\\alpha_H$ spans more than four orders of magnitude between high-quality crystals and disordered films, around the originally proposed universal value $2 \\times 10^{-3}$. For one material class (for example metal films or doped Si), determine how $\\alpha_H$ depends on the density and type of mobile defects, whether the noise arises from mobility or carrier-number fluctuations, and derive $\\alpha_H$ from a microscopic fluctuator model with independently measured defect parameters.","problem_ref":"8ac846627c2531abab270c19b179913f07293e9511564d65c36ace4ce73d4cdf","references":"","settled_by":"$\\alpha_{\\mathrm{H}}$ measured on a sample series with controlled, independently quantified defect density, reproduced by a fluctuator model without free parameters.","status_note":"","title":"What sets the magnitude of the Hooge noise 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