{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"f32ed8c387d6ccf69f2e1124861cdc74ccf53ad471a4b992f892657b33ea63e0","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["7984155fdc2e6258a56475996f8597f5d173520933ea8c7246c1cefb5219ca9b","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"949f49b7b1b98a2dc4112cf25c53cedc85abae2d8ee3c3054f818df7f8c3819d","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"qft.confinement.center-vortex-dominance","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"For two-color gluons, keeping only vortex-like defects of the field reproduces nearly all of the confining force. For three colors, as in real QCD, it is unclear whether they account for all of it.","posed_since":"","precise":"In 4D pure $\\mathrm{SU}(3)$ lattice gauge theory, center projection after maximal center gauge yields a $Z_{3}$ link field whose Wilson loops define a vortex-only string tension $\\sigma_{vortex}$. Determine whether $\\sigma_{vortex}/\\sigma \\to 1$ in the continuum limit (lattice spacing $a \\to 0$), and whether this ratio is independent of the gauge-fixing procedure and Gribov copies.","problem_ref":"7984155fdc2e6258a56475996f8597f5d173520933ea8c7246c1cefb5219ca9b","references":"","settled_by":"A continuum-extrapolated lattice measurement of $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{vortex}}/\\sigma$ with controlled dependence on gauge fixing and smoothing.","status_note":"SU(2) shows near-complete vortex dominance; in pure SU(3) projected vortices give about two thirds of the string tension, while with dynamical quarks they reproduce the full value (Biddle, Kamleh, Leinweber 2022); gauge-fixing and smoothing effects remain disputed.","title":"Do center vortices alone give the full SU(3) string tension?","topic_ref":null},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"47efc3e2611987f0b2562299a3a823de8bc19b9186a12f88f562cab9f6f3da6b","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"d1f7bb4d99248fa522233158905911c40e841b262d71bfd8d5b4d767d180db88","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"UhmARVsqoJQ5DwhSH5WY6sGWHUA8snGrRQPtgb9TH-Fsubckcw1wapYswgNMxdAczZhmFVqastzvLgL3srnhBg"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"47efc3e2611987f0b2562299a3a823de8bc19b9186a12f88f562cab9f6f3da6b","leaf_index":3632}