{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"77cf44cf4a8116c487d29f0ad826c3896366e535886ac6be2181de399fcb5ef3","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:55Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"0abfcb1a86ccf2e86e2c9d68ea7299fc74c15eb155563d5ecb81274241df8a22","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"identification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.galactic-gamma-ray-anomalies.gev-excess-origin","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Fermi satellite data show extra gamma rays near $2e9\\ \\mathrm{eV}$ from the inner galaxy, which could come from annihilating dark-matter particles or from a large hidden population of millisecond pulsars (old, fast-spinning neutron stars).","posed_since":"2009","precise":"The Fermi-LAT excess (spectrum peaking near $1\\text{ to }3\\,\\mathrm{GeV}$, extending $\\sim 10\\text{ to }20\\,\\mathrm{deg}$ from the Galactic center, luminosity of order $1e37\\,\\mathrm{erg/s}$) fits either dark-matter annihilation (mass $\\sim 30\\text{ to }70\\,\\mathrm{GeV}$ into b quarks, $\\langle \\sigma v\\rangle \\sim 2e-26\\,\\mathrm{cm}^3/\\mathrm{s}$) or tens of thousands of unresolved bulge millisecond pulsars. Determine which. Answer: an identification at $5\\sigma$ from morphology, photon-count statistics, radio pulsar counts, or matching signals in dwarf galaxies.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"A radio census of bulge millisecond pulsars, or a dwarf-galaxy gamma-ray detection with the predicted annihilation cross-section.","status_note":"Through 2025, analyses disagree on whether the excess traces the stellar bulge or a spherical profile, and searches for bulge millisecond pulsars remain inconclusive.","title":"Does the Galactic center GeV excess come from dark matter or 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