{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"08bcae05889b062a56f182f5785094b71f36f66c1f803811bb33ffba47c961b4","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5d17541748cccf289a029d1e3eecda22a3f82b69baf00fa2691e70e7fd684860","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"6195025cfddc5a6cf6bd77a8dfd5a1946737d857cf7414adfb85aa26c2a7ab03","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"mechanism","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"chem.electrode-interfaces.sei-formation","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"In lithium-ion batteries the electrolyte partly decomposes on the negative electrode and forms a thin film, the solid-electrolyte interphase, which passes lithium ions but blocks electrons. Its structure and why it keeps slowly thickening set battery lifetime but are known only roughly.","posed_since":"","precise":"For graphite and lithium-metal anodes in carbonate electrolytes (for example 1 mol/L $\\mathrm{LiPF_6}$ in ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate), determine the nanoscale arrangement of inorganic (LiF, $\\mathrm{Li_2CO_3}$, $\\mathrm{Li_2O}$) and organic phases in the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), the transport process that sustains its growth (electron tunneling, neutral lithium interstitial diffusion, solvent diffusion through pores), and the resulting thickness law $L(t)$, often reported near $t^{1/2}$. An answer is a model with first-principles rate parameters that predicts $L(t)$ and the measured calendar-aging capacity loss.","problem_ref":"5d17541748cccf289a029d1e3eecda22a3f82b69baf00fa2691e70e7fd684860","references":"","settled_by":"Cryogenic microscopy and depth-resolved spectroscopy of SEI composition over aging time, matched by a first-principles growth model.","status_note":"","title":"Structure and growth law of the battery solid-electrolyte interphase","topic_ref":null},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"5053b77e77774e3e874eb3c3ca0c15f6cf5bdd692f36c474adfd4b3599db0f38","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"2131143d6ef071c42f6ec25e98710befa33280fed56a8e572c4a9b09c767805c","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"0rL4-0Dc-De15jA4ycV930xr87qpv2jW6xmbQOMiX0vZx58-tEvfbIZPg8dirtVDvSHNFYM_iNdKr4ibn19HBQ"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"5053b77e77774e3e874eb3c3ca0c15f6cf5bdd692f36c474adfd4b3599db0f38","leaf_index":2666}