{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"2fdd8e915cea139f83c2b02a6a265643f3445184167d4fbc5f9739e87d6d7f30","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":["ai:gpt-5.5"],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["b2ee2aba3f3c05bae3f2a3dc8fa8e068fab85649073fb1d24b1f753c4a645593","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"a601d8727bc6d4064443605815c930514ffe4660bb6d3a5ecd13f647bc0ce3fa","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"mechanism","assisted_by":["ai:gpt-5.5"],"external_id":"beams.advanced-structures.dielectric-gv-breakdown","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"Dielectric tubes driven by very short electron bunches survive fields far above what copper tolerates, then fail at a threshold whose cause is unclear.","posed_since":"","precise":"Fused-silica and diamond structures driven by sub-picosecond electron bunches ($\\sigma_z$ $\\sim 2 \\times 10^{-3}$ to $10^{-2}$ cm) sustained surface fields of order $eE \\sim 100\\ \\mathrm{MeV}/\\mathrm{cm}$ before damage (SLAC experiments from 2008 onward). Determine the damage mechanism and its scaling with field duration from 0.1 to 10 ps and with band gap, separating field-induced ionization, heating by beam halo, and surface charging.","problem_ref":"b2ee2aba3f3c05bae3f2a3dc8fa8e068fab85649073fb1d24b1f753c4a645593","references":"","settled_by":"Threshold measurements versus pulse duration for at least two materials of different band gap, compared with ionization and heating models.","status_note":"","title":"Damage mechanism of dielectrics under picosecond wakefields","topic_ref":null},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"51ffc13c94f1034d30c796c5080d8960495f65e309f47816cea99bcc031fa69a","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"e191abb6ae904de5c8824b147c093179a9a1563215b739e3d294f8f8a7e7a302","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"X8bcrXDlt-nT_GSu_EWunfYvlaJ-jGiJlYgt1yJ7gb0ROU5GjhmqIkKueWDKftPo9UI6wAGsMzVEhd98CcXECA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEI4ZGrtq6QTeXIgksUfAkxeamhVjIVtznj0pT4-KfnowLwIOGxVy9Tn--CeuRGWzh9fgwGk-GmSwqyCtkl8TPX1OHtCPEge6PjlNbFPIDvOtsnJ5BkbaeBeP4q3Dt86-XxN_IbGJgI8SCsurQqf7-qgNnXbbrj9W1B-DHnv5G_qI6CZbRJJnWn0QjxIKZsRilWtWzLmhC9JLbJPmwdk4V_y5EnzgXviQ6Dpc4FCPEg-KqU1HLMB0b63HxbJNkG2gNTvToU5sv0ilTwK_YkQx8I8SBa0kGWjqzq1QnSclItoA39Za9km9l42Wu9RrOH1OmaIAjxIGtFbEvx4V0j0rjyiG2FblYO7HvrKYK2m1FI1tGhM1ZnCPAg286fbogvT8QZD8nJMDWZS1r_Vyg5Jg4hl47VhsL1_UQI8SCRZP0ctidqGb7ZjgNGhZ1hJpAMc97VLUvI8DuO4xChLwjxID89HsXrUag9eRv04qSQX18D2ak5pxDN4H8m3_0Qkp84CPAg3mczMYDKOd7Nhf3ojA9ZvuTsN66Y1NnyYTp9j8GKQNwI8SCvAiiN-Hrv7IEejd8wdUihoozu5KOvpoBFJ0vg3UnGAQj_8Ajn9YmozHwo9QjwEJ46aM9ZDv3TdtqV3ZbRsNgI8SBOF8pILGf1kodr5MKmQs6Cd93joraGn3g6UPt_-kewPwjwIOG-gmM7bd_eR4AiDMNfluS3xvr7vicLR-sCBr5qtG2cCPAgrVNFrCoeQcCxhlmnE0BzHgR8HQpZAlfqzDDFzfWb8GUI8QRq0WWT8AjZJ2cF_c7k8ACD3-MNLvkMjiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ_AI9ZMS1zxd7IEI8BDd00WgJZ0RncsC1Fyai_4aCPEgvxMFrnu7F05IW5INiraQ3OVEYMjNx6JfBxw1Q4jPLi4I8QRq0WWS8Ag2zxPAtI5JsP8Ag9_jDS75DI4uLWh0dHBzOi8vYWxpY2UuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZwjxIHAnv4KFFf4uiYEFJvLxiMxSyz8VowJP4roTfDD9h7bICPAgj5tgvbNF7mxSP4jGGE66ezUFRLnI4g1VTkvuV4VtCPAI8CCxlc1HuKORuHgn7DYIYcDhc4oo99OkTWBEvddBypoa7AjwIFcjjaF8kDNDYCZGaNISlRjvX-I7in-QNwsr4JYQbFJvCPAgnl0k4gs7LuY5i1umiHO-J7My3uBThLJUWQoY9LdVSrQI8SA6-Ft11_K_GqMNWYhkVsVqCFvXSYbp4S8JoLsLBnUzvgjxIBC8_mAE7JBP35SNxDBcG7joLJwURpMxdV2vSO64_jEOCPEge04Coj1xSi7CE8UwqiBGNhPyZ5QdD_YZwn-heSdObU4I8SBgdDSgr3VUx1j8m_pK7-OzMwwFgXeLy43ujffCv-hf5AjwIMl-PnAt4xjoBEVU4-nkyN0NKRa9AvX4kEMfllFyIJS9CPFZAQAAAAHz4rV-uwQFg02bVnEMUFgpIdGKjM4tWuID1kTVnrjisAAAAAAA_v___wJURAIAAAAAABYAFBFys2oc0-U-bYrC3VulGLzND5fbAAAAAAAAAAAiaiDwBHLTDgAICPEgMJIBYi46xOIuFDwzJ9nOx14ngW5HbglUf65ORpkoIYcICPAgHgGWEGCDHWgscwT92NOoJ7s-ezbPkyiWr2RnYZDC_dwICPAgtffMyyLu-MscJsDc0dzwGspwSrrmvVAnMNgsgWhHClgICPAgMUl1OfBDUwhp5VZjHwVA0nuz1F5HZTUJCHAnM1L1F3MICPAgStK7UWpnrUueV5EaE7uE0y6BLMp6EANmrbhrTqEBZu8ICPAg5LVW7IHtUL5mNOvPx1hOTfLMmqlQ7t9EFW-KDtrISIQICPAgABgXZ6upFU8qiDQKFtQFpqkjKwl0PsxM4JUjVLlDKbkICPAgEwb96FiOhjlbwI8GFZQ4a5GXwxs4bUdqVOMKrtBWV30ICPEgqBg-wp0c8CAPV9k6J7wIa9_GtQfpWmhpE1zqFZyi2pQICPAg2pZLTVPGJbriiz0UhMytYDVYAXOgQnWDcrMOewK9O8cICPEgxm3QwzbvT4siJzubQGnST67bWv-exYwSPP1KDi7CaUwICPEgm6udUudfjUaM0gUFTylKGDMypj7ptMTG0zmxd_T5yTcICPAgMpOInkjFCVp1pOZhfZnyPAl8hdWGmHzQcrGLgLwSKLgICAAFiJYNc9cZAQPzpjs"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEI2_rpalKKQTSDeOFcYVfCAJWNWWSmGtKydmCCvtQgvDbwINwAEiInLaTpq5XxghXAhbR4et3twWHqGcDrEMpr4OjkCPEgByL9WcMQr8W2Xvwr_CC1h0mmjeiq9TGYH-njP0CkUEwI8SBHNp99MQrtrVN3qmj0choPHQ_oYY92SSSXXyvOHzhtyAjwIOhgiA_fMoF8bZagacCcg0yVS2YKJas5DNvmJlhOyq9UCPEg2_OmokRGVsgNJRqlAlsg_MfMl4M_xh5vOH-6tFJCAv4I8SAkw4-FKikdZ9yrVszVracDV3BTJTboMzt2UveSyZlRtwjwIMtN_WSs-pavrta_9vKxLs54fFvTCFo_EbbiRpbJsL8_CPAg286fbogvT8QZD8nJMDWZS1r_Vyg5Jg4hl47VhsL1_UQI8SCRZP0ctidqGb7ZjgNGhZ1hJpAMc97VLUvI8DuO4xChLwjxID89HsXrUag9eRv04qSQX18D2ak5pxDN4H8m3_0Qkp84CPAg3mczMYDKOd7Nhf3ojA9ZvuTsN66Y1NnyYTp9j8GKQNwI8SCvAiiN-Hrv7IEejd8wdUihoozu5KOvpoBFJ0vg3UnGAQj_8Ajn9YmozHwo9QjwEJ46aM9ZDv3TdtqV3ZbRsNgI8SBOF8pILGf1kodr5MKmQs6Cd93joraGn3g6UPt_-kewPwjwIOG-gmM7bd_eR4AiDMNfluS3xvr7vicLR-sCBr5qtG2cCPAgrVNFrCoeQcCxhlmnE0BzHgR8HQpZAlfqzDDFzfWb8GUI8QRq0WWT8AjZJ2cF_c7k8ACD3-MNLvkMjiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ_AI9ZMS1zxd7IEI8BDd00WgJZ0RncsC1Fyai_4aCPEgvxMFrnu7F05IW5INiraQ3OVEYMjNx6JfBxw1Q4jPLi4I8QRq0WWS8Ag2zxPAtI5JsP8Ag9_jDS75DI4uLWh0dHBzOi8vYWxpY2UuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZwjxIHAnv4KFFf4uiYEFJvLxiMxSyz8VowJP4roTfDD9h7bICPAgj5tgvbNF7mxSP4jGGE66ezUFRLnI4g1VTkvuV4VtCPAI8CCxlc1HuKORuHgn7DYIYcDhc4oo99OkTWBEvddBypoa7AjwIFcjjaF8kDNDYCZGaNISlRjvX-I7in-QNwsr4JYQbFJvCPAgnl0k4gs7LuY5i1umiHO-J7My3uBThLJUWQoY9LdVSrQI8SA6-Ft11_K_GqMNWYhkVsVqCFvXSYbp4S8JoLsLBnUzvgjxIBC8_mAE7JBP35SNxDBcG7joLJwURpMxdV2vSO64_jEOCPEge04Coj1xSi7CE8UwqiBGNhPyZ5QdD_YZwn-heSdObU4I8SBgdDSgr3VUx1j8m_pK7-OzMwwFgXeLy43ujffCv-hf5AjwIMl-PnAt4xjoBEVU4-nkyN0NKRa9AvX4kEMfllFyIJS9CPFZAQAAAAHz4rV-uwQFg02bVnEMUFgpIdGKjM4tWuID1kTVnrjisAAAAAAA_v___wJURAIAAAAAABYAFBFys2oc0-U-bYrC3VulGLzND5fbAAAAAAAAAAAiaiDwBHLTDgAICPEgMJIBYi46xOIuFDwzJ9nOx14ngW5HbglUf65ORpkoIYcICPAgHgGWEGCDHWgscwT92NOoJ7s-ezbPkyiWr2RnYZDC_dwICPAgtffMyyLu-MscJsDc0dzwGspwSrrmvVAnMNgsgWhHClgICPAgMUl1OfBDUwhp5VZjHwVA0nuz1F5HZTUJCHAnM1L1F3MICPAgStK7UWpnrUueV5EaE7uE0y6BLMp6EANmrbhrTqEBZu8ICPAg5LVW7IHtUL5mNOvPx1hOTfLMmqlQ7t9EFW-KDtrISIQICPAgABgXZ6upFU8qiDQKFtQFpqkjKwl0PsxM4JUjVLlDKbkICPAgEwb96FiOhjlbwI8GFZQ4a5GXwxs4bUdqVOMKrtBWV30ICPEgqBg-wp0c8CAPV9k6J7wIa9_GtQfpWmhpE1zqFZyi2pQICPAg2pZLTVPGJbriiz0UhMytYDVYAXOgQnWDcrMOewK9O8cICPEgxm3QwzbvT4siJzubQGnST67bWv-exYwSPP1KDi7CaUwICPEgm6udUudfjUaM0gUFTylKGDMypj7ptMTG0zmxd_T5yTcICPAgMpOInkjFCVp1pOZhfZnyPAl8hdWGmHzQcrGLgLwSKLgICAAFiJYNc9cZAQPzpjs"]},"log":{"leaf_index":"2448","tree_size":"3804","proof":["5a8e99bffe8c1d1294b201cdcc776e43bb3b3e662f6998b2a1ef9344ce208dcc","da339ed7fe195aff4001d4801b9e99cb812cf4969e0968c36af233f9be802e1f","f6678f3e9bab6a3e2e887d5abc76c2bda1230202257e075270e99ab688a43827","1aeaf738f6b1471dc28990a578568c8b80fdc3b78cb1c192d75fcc4a6749460b","d16f480ecd3807e65a85e68f2d3b661f5b1580b42178f49858bf474755b8535c","57b4bbec21ed6ddf9793adc75cb5102fdb2219eec399fd9bf943536a81dd3bad","ee9896b363c1f877f7d4613cda248fa64d56c7d8dd814ac0aef5244e9bfb1f00","193f7e120934503cd45d11622182f80d8b1635765c3becdc1c2cab15bb00bcc2","ad2bf8922b230304eb5887f66a1631d0d013048aef3d1e5c2bce55da65e76cef","453fe2db8b5276d732edac85634e8be036b4709a91a2584f32a4b9edcc8ca9de","325287f5a43e4f3ad4072ec4bd53d43c50c1393021a056122e9cb0fad83b868f","3c578dccc15502c5f3efe228cadc99fee76ab536ed01f66b14d316fdcc157429"],"checkpoint":"pubphys.com/log/v1\n3804\nAK6t4qgu96+M9wScTrIlsJ10d/zhKVEtYguyM3aeJvo=\n\n— pubphys.com/log/v1 JFPwIPP8EtoxgcsQg7V7CwIdL4UKPqJtpv+eB8sFNJjyQHIdyA1VabmBsPyLqq2bLxJPn57rA6fQi8y0QDDjRXHvlQg=\n","promise":"pubphys.com/log/v1 promise\n1f47c9b79eac4c9e627cb0753352bbab03617c1fb5ad877a73b85a13e6b1f732\n2448\n2026-10-15T23:43:57Z\n2026-10-16T01:43:57Z\n\n— pubphys.com/log/v1 JFPwIMLRjvcAg6KdPFcYAHg5r/NsOZOQR0wGz5lo1d3tqOeYSbkD+06RUm6LQrOSHiUMy8gx1mjGzK723sTIYXFBrA4=\n"},"orcid_key_evidence":[],"attesting":null}