{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"c1d9e39ea0a37a2aba610dca82eaf0f214ae14699bff7925af54def879e5b553","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:54Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"17f6a73d0fae19462466bb4931f318491765cfeedc143e2614911efd4c91fb01","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"identification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.cosmic-ray-origins.uhecr-sources","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"The most energetic cosmic rays come from outside our galaxy, but magnetic fields bend their paths, so their sources have not been identified.","posed_since":"","precise":"For $E > 8e18\\ \\mathrm{eV}$ (Auger large-scale dipole, amplitude $\\sim 6.5\\ \\text{percent}$, pointing away from the Galactic center) and $E > 4e19\\ \\mathrm{eV}$ (intermediate-scale excesses near Centaurus A and starburst galaxies for Auger, the hotspot for Telescope Array), identify the source population (AGN jets, starburst galaxies, gamma-ray bursts, tidal disruption events, magnetars). Answer: a source class whose emissivity, maximum rigidity and composition reproduce the spectrum, the shower-depth ($X_{\\mathrm{max}}$) distributions and the arrival-direction anisotropies after propagation through Galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Per-event mass estimates above $4e19\\,\\mathrm{eV}$ (AugerPrime) allowing light nuclei to be traced back, together with a $5\\sigma$ intermediate-scale anisotropy associated with a source catalog.","status_note":"2023: Telescope Array reported a $2.4e20\\ \\mathrm{eV}$ event (Amaterasu) whose arrival direction points toward the Local Void with no plausible nearby source.","title":"Which sources accelerate cosmic rays above $1e19\\,\\mathrm{eV}$?","topic_ref":"f43296f47e522e13af620cd00eea18765794669715c801e5fb034a7d89800844"},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"52d79ac04090d5db75042b6a453fa0624885f222dcb7d3932fecb8fca21bb09b","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"ea255068d4dc5869f6606e60e51855580b8571b566f3847da559b12d0b6ea6cd","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"w9mVtHp-sMvaXY-AyUboKyrgUX-HEfdH4Z62T_FNGm5x9VdtqVReTcLaIJVWFMXUCJSnCtxQQ0IU_LLXG0xhAg"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"52d79ac04090d5db75042b6a453fa0624885f222dcb7d3932fecb8fca21bb09b","leaf_index":516}