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B meson decays to $\\tau$ leptons occur more often than predicted, by more than 3 standard deviations.","posed_since":"2012","precise":"Determine whether $R(D)=\\operatorname{BR}(B \\to D \\tau \\nu)/\\operatorname{BR}(B \\to D \\ell \\nu)$ and $R(D*)$ exceed the SM values (HFLAV arithmetic average of predictions $0.296 \\pm 0.004\\ \\text{and}\\ 0.254 \\pm 0.005$). The HFLAV ICHEP 2026 averages are $R(D)=0.359 \\pm 0.024$ and $R(D*) = 0.280 \\pm 0.011$ (correlation -0.37), about $3.7\\,\\sigma$ above the SM combined; an answer is $\\ge 5\\,\\sigma$ confirmation or reduction below $2\\,\\sigma$.","problem_ref":"cf305a525c882a5577cec815e3dde63561fa25b6afe1fa0aba4d30351b5f49e9","references":"","settled_by":"Belle II with several $\\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ and LHCb Run 3 measurements using hadronic and leptonic $\\tau$ decays, with lattice form factors for $B \\to D*$.","status_note":"The HFLAV average updated for ICHEP 2026 (August 2026, including a new Belle II $R(D*)$ result) gives about $3.7\\sigma$.","title":"Is lepton flavor universality violated in $b\\,\\mathrm{to}\\,c\\,\\tau\\,\\nu$ 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