{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"6cb22bed4019656404bc1e7f2ff556859b5504fe23f42cc57cb62eb9762b4910","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:00Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"581076c9e619ad55f768ade543d1d3a00d13a892fa06fc7d859509ec0236fad2","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"cm.multiferroics.monolayer-type-ii","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"partially-resolved","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Type-II multiferroics are materials whose spiral spin order itself creates electric polarization. A single atomic layer of NiI2 has been shown to host the spin spiral, but its electric polarization has not been measured directly.","posed_since":"2022","precise":"Single-layer NiI2 shows a canted spin spiral with charge modulation in spin-polarized STM. Measure the spin-induced polarization $P$ and its onset temperature $T_{c}$ directly, by electrical (pyroelectric or switching current) or piezoresponse probes, and test whether $P$ reverses with the spiral chirality. An answer is the measured $P(T)$ and $T_{c}$ with the chirality dependence.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Pyroelectric, switching-current or piezoresponse measurement of P(T) on a characterized monolayer, combined with spin-polarized STM of its spiral chirality.","status_note":"Song et al. (Nature 2022) was questioned by Jiang et al. (Nature 2023, Matters Arising); STM detected electromagnons (arXiv:2510.08253) and vectorial spin-polarized STM resolved the spiral (Wang et al., PRL 2026, arXiv:2604.06959); no direct electrical measurement of P in the monolayer was found.","title":"Direct electrical measurement of polarization in monolayer NiI2","topic_ref":"87053ab66198285a41dc47ad97182dd67de190ae0a1fe915cd27ab2466d618c1"},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"59f957c2f40101b3fca46514da459caf14ef7a6e349db17b552d926ed0a84016","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"f108ce9f86ce668549884e73b81025c29351134dd31266a311d4dde671739710","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"bxOJpIvasK5LYbxUzv82wTL2Xz9pHhRQaHXyl_ajOFwAiSFAqUVskT0dvfbQCovY-L3AVcgg5gsEbRncytvbCw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"59f957c2f40101b3fca46514da459caf14ef7a6e349db17b552d926ed0a84016","leaf_index":1104}