{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"36a7171f86648fea6e71bba25070d82376d075502662be823a87a4104f3e9265","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["86f4a3116707296a98ff29fb44e01a5b13d9924a41be397e6b994041ea25745c","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"7ef4886bdccce1647b0797dfedbd85faaf2f7c94a4cf04e98a2684e759439c10","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"bio.supercooled-water.water-glass-transition","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"Glassy water made by very fast cooling shows a small heat-capacity step near 136 K, long taken as its glass transition, and a second step near 116 K was reported in high-density amorphous ice. Whether these steps mark glasses turning into ultraviscous liquids or something else is disputed.","posed_since":"","precise":"Hyperquenched glassy water and low-density amorphous ice show a weak calorimetric step near $136\\,\\mathrm{K}$ at ambient pressure, and pressure-annealed high-density amorphous ice a step near $116\\,\\mathrm{K}$ (2013). Determine whether each step is a glass transition to a diffusive ultraviscous liquid (LDL or HDL) with translational relaxation time about $1\\mathrm{e}2\\,\\mathrm{s}$, or an orientational or sub-$T_{g}$ relaxation with $T_{g}$ of water higher (near $165\\,\\mathrm{K}$, as argued from comparison with hyperquenched inorganic glasses in 2004). An answer is a measurement of translational diffusion or viscous flow just above each step.","problem_ref":"86f4a3116707296a98ff29fb44e01a5b13d9924a41be397e6b994041ea25745c","references":"","settled_by":"Direct measurement of translational diffusion (isotope intermixing, viscous flow, or dielectric response tied to translation) just above 136 K and 116 K, showing liquid-like or glass-like mobility.","status_note":"Two glass transitions were reported in 2013 (Amann-Winkel et al., PNAS, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311718110) against the 2004 reassignment of $T_g$ near 165 K (Yue and Angell, Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02295).","title":"Is the 136 K calorimetric step the glass transition of 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