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Which microscopic mechanism produces this growth is unknown.","posed_since":"","precise":"In molecular glass formers the structural relaxation time $\\tau_\\alpha(T)$ grows from about $10^{-12}\\ \\mathrm{s}$ in the high-temperature liquid to about $10^{2}\\ \\mathrm{s}$ at $T_g$, with an effective activation energy that increases on cooling; model liquids (Kob-Andersen Lennard-Jones mixture, polydisperse soft spheres) reproduce the onset of this growth. Competing explanations include random first-order transition theory (entropy-driven cooperative rearrangements), dynamic facilitation (kinetically constrained localized excitations) and elastic or frustration-based models. An answer is a theory that predicts $\\tau_\\alpha(T)$ and the associated growing length scales from the interaction potential and is singled out against the alternatives by equilibrium simulations near and below the experimental $T_g$. This is the root question of the topic; its working content is split into the sharper problems linked to it.","problem_ref":"60848fcc6e7dd814281e81cd02da7522c13d62ffd19f44653a61c8b90744fb32","references":"","settled_by":"A theory whose quantitative predictions for $\\tau_{\\alpha}(T)$, $\\xi(T)$ and their relation are confirmed, and those of rival theories refuted, in swap-Monte-Carlo-equilibrated simulations below the experimental $T_{g}$.","status_note":"Swap Monte Carlo has equilibrated model liquids below the experimental $T_{g}$ since about 2017, but as of 2026 no test has eliminated the main competing theories.","title":"What causes the super-Arrhenius slowdown of supercooled 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