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Whether low doses do the same, and in proportion to dose, is disputed.","posed_since":"","precise":"Determine whether the excess relative risk of circulatory disease (ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease), estimated in pooled analyses at about 0.11 per 100 rad, persists for organ doses below 50 rad and at low dose rate, and whether the dose response is linear or has a threshold, after control for smoking, lipids and other confounders. An answer is a dose-response shape with confidence intervals below 50 rad and a mechanism compatible with it.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Cohorts with individual heart and vessel dosimetry and measured cardiovascular risk factors, large enough to resolve risk below 50 rad.","status_note":"A 2023 meta-analysis of 93 studies (Little et al., BMJ) found larger risk per unit dose at low dose and with fractionated exposure, while protection practice treats 50 rad as a tissue-reaction threshold and the low-dose mechanism is unknown.","title":"Circulatory disease risk from radiation below 50 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