{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"57df7f20803ab6c34a595e2d1df00cc9ee8054e7f9e4cd199167ed958bca5ee4","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:52Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"0d42ddb95726bb549b2e24e206e4fb1d77e1712ccd18b6924e8e010a41c956ed","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"med.ion-therapy","field":"med","n":"1","review_cite":"Paganetti, Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values for proton beam therapy: variations as a function of biological endpoint, dose, and linear energy transfer, Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2014","review_link":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/59/22/R419","review_verified":"true","summary":"Charged particles stop at a controllable depth, concentrating dose in the tumour and sparing tissue beyond it. Two things remain uncertain: exactly where they stop in a patient, and how much more biological damage they do than x-rays.","title":"Proton and heavy-ion beam therapy physics","topic_ref":null,"why":"Both uncertainties force clinics to add safety margins that give away much of the advantage of particle beams."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"783c95cea555c72f61498fd08fa3ced7be4a4b07d67abcd2e5bc27204e6bdab5","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"2f76069554ac72312ba1e9a4b27058652abfaa9dff68146a1dc68f37742de993","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"fMwpqxKb3-n3Pk8iNZsDktQaVCaUHNlPFy5jixTL9ZwwJwFUVS1B3RhkE0KZfW8-nuvtjFgxJ5M2MuXbAHh3AQ"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"783c95cea555c72f61498fd08fa3ced7be4a4b07d67abcd2e5bc27204e6bdab5","leaf_index":273}