{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"86356f87f7bd15eac8169845254ed8d80c347492ac521635a6eeee6b80a32eb1","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:55Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"b14d38039b313a476efde618e63e92f2a4014a51c5c727fab11479f4b6b6a956","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"classification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.hot-jupiters.dominant-channel","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Three routes could make hot Jupiters, and each leaves different marks on orbits and neighbors. The share of each route is not known.","posed_since":"","precise":"For giant planets with orbital period $P < 10\\,\\mathrm{d}$ around FGK stars (occurrence about 0.5-1 percent), determine the fractions formed by disk migration, high-eccentricity tidal migration (Kozai-Lidov cycles, planet-planet scattering, secular chaos) and in situ formation, using stellar obliquities, eccentricities, nearby companions, outer companions and system ages. The answer is the fraction per channel with uncertainties.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Population synthesis fitted to homogeneous samples of obliquities, companion statistics and ages from TESS, Gaia and radial-velocity surveys.","status_note":"","title":"Which formation channel produces most hot Jupiters?","topic_ref":"1e0254cb819018d5ed8997a7e251ef6a68c90da1082e1990c43ed16b01153ec7"},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"7ea3b34d2f55046f0cdb44d0da90d2a4ca2e44cb7e9100ade6bdf56194f459d3","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"68a7a9dcd120ea2ed0fe76d2c05715a5b9cc776ea4283ba66fec8f9ab7fecde3","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"3XU89Tp12G3SAHcc9c00HGMyZxUBpUFJ09CvK7pmAXvWpr2cg11b5LIlAMRB3ykexWlqiWpysKWBPbRhGpgjAw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIaKep3NEg6i7Q_nbSwFcVpbnMd26kKDumb-yPmrf-zePwIGjSEoYn8y5MxxywF8VqYZabRONQRwJSKVv4oarAp9MPCPAgUWXPA1uMlG3O23ciziul5IE_e9iI_S7zkxEElQhPluYI8CC1DjPtrlaX0aA59RChRy23AvgJk3Si1gxjRzBG3UJhEgjwIBojbZlDECwAdsEHd7OwzXjOHChePhBlQs5E0NCQQi7qCPAgDqMGW2qYeZS1GFegVFFo45-vVofgcTJPc0nGXh6d7SwI8CBYkw_-BqgF09NnWIP7iRTf_WYRYpi6daujvp1zpMXrmAjxIMufD-sASMRwZ1QAT8_9W4zjme7IudDp4stHqdu8YDpjCPEgP7VjUg8YiqxLJlXzPi_gyM6U9DjD0Yt_ngsXDn9aqYAI8CBPLfD1TsHdjhkyZ9iTm9m5GTCSBT-7GhYUfap1vptsnQjxINBAKCf3cKChW811B6TkfdlxdONUiLQA88uJMnPer4KuCPEgytIBB3x7TFDT-XqOV-9vpqw1NKoAu0dhtsCbAMql2L0I8CCtNZgmApuKULvPC9nsMCaM05arV-F3o5FTlnJCnRvdMgjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn7Pmby5WLyI-A0I8QRqwKw78AhITF7Tr3a1xP8Ag9_jDS75DI4sK2h0dHBzOi8vYm9iLmJ0Yy5jYWxlbmRhci5vcGVudGltZXN0YW1wcy5vcmcI8CBXWeNiWFWltfHE0nkDXsVKIykUUwuObhsnN-2fvBt98gjwIM5Vf7j68sOFgVysYMc5S09Hho-fqxYW3oQ4oKUX7JpPCPAgaKHHQB3sdd9w1hu4NMh7vmb-p0X2r4uyVKKCj1G7S28I8SAW2Mg6Bzi9ygjrrjIYB7w90fwMcxH24SsqLmzPyAMGfwjwIMQ863zlveYIpNKWVrZaDOa4vowwoOg2CcTW8gXtxK3dCPEgrZxGGAf-t8jhz_eLMUyBN1IhNrdYDRcNHWvQcwNG9woI8CCVOUHG1YXudbaFIgUYvrCIevRWvb2ubhQAo-z0duD0rQjxIDBeKerVGkO3J2eXDwdraSioXbIWsdIPEN1s8pIwJIS2CPAgV2kB3n3JZ5HwBQjpRL1CWKnqvdCjZk3RcALk6N2wHigI8CB-wbljNlfqElD25uZkNg6taS81YDRU2vfMqGVQ420O9AjxWQEAAAABJM43UU6MLMRrPlCUqossvu1q_knons5yylyWTgxZzWUAAAAAAP7___8CLgABAAAAAAAWABQrYt3E7OllKRCEmL3FL589l78_5wAAAAAAAAAAImog8ATiyw4ACAjxILmbcIO7ixv3pCtwUMZ1VQGKus54F9lZ8-w5ECD5ZuiICAjwIG6ynCyFTLPE7Rgk-0ZGCtBDyqNQx8YvaSZNHy8D8p8jCAjwIMX8zoD2Be1YWvcx_bexVPRmBX0hK-do8b8t9SarimQVCAjxIG6XtpqIEclLlhzcK1LVjqoPGrjjmLnyno8tcETMzECECAjwIF6mlfXOFY51JhrK4eze8zQlKV75OYZYqbtyi8BWxmAsCAjwIKKUcJmVoz-u-geiRV_-ZHdF0VEPXaEPFWf_JX_0e7G2CAjxIGMeD0Z5QWNKBcAEpHht007FFIILW6aSJ8f3CMkKNsneCAjwIBFr6Je8rkB7kwhPGbq0yRgFwZsvW9JhY5sXDRtrq0QwCAjwIAHAwXaus-yUgKICJB5mVvx8VZuJgjwnpb0qWPg1pi6DCAjxIAJhb8cefkVHTAMymdsxa-_i-tUua62LcpALQnPG7R9_CAjwIDvsFqBhPfAL6TCtXZd7gBWmMpx6iiZ-Ug0Jf_LlcstgCAjwIDJRBX6Q0Vge-ra-k1_g76yJWTEp6WWF13I3JpTnsZPJCAjwILykZCbkC9VQgl5gytPKKir6T9nTvKR6y05iWSHBTQgzCAgABYiWDXPXGQED45c78Ah-sGbmQAwfZwjwEAYqxtHnZiPZnJEGPx_JvKsI8SDXkqDg17YsZIrEz5acRx7mBXCKW5mKNgRYnw_-U2cpDgjxBGrArDrwCEfK6Mono428_wCD3-MNLvkMji4taHR0cHM6Ly9hbGljZS5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3JnCPAg10nyJ6Jn4kshQQQCKE0Lvj3hBC6nLRBVIzaPV4eh8VwI8CCQaAqWlxEbac_XOq1MOlf9iOKHEsxXspzbjK0vLpy8BwjwII3iRbRXUcDxrhAdkZmFlI15nySCSEZ7g922tF1Xln5DCPEgYYvZ1L4v4rPu_UqLfcHPtwSb2OH2GhPgVcVhhH6DpkQI8CDZCIoR20sC-uchP40oAmcLm9EJFV7xzwplj54AeVadXQjxILvLBjPFpCoz29m9Yf2qRnV7PI9GqxE8ozVQfk9QwCqrCPEgZXcMudvEoB_MJ8tqOW2PLTKAIeQBnE-1bfzptRc2gR8I8VkBAAAAAfXq-bmxWqOz7B5wKkwjzHGv2R4s7Y0Z76LqXWYNhmz0AAAAAAD-____Av0cAAAAAAAAFgAUl-skmdZDtn7Hnub6mF4HP2uVn7oAAAAAAAAAACJqIPAE4MsOAAgI8CBDmQsbEXc46Hu8DivhCBM1LGExa4TTM-wo7HpoCVjBTQgI8CCty5vkQtPHzzs8xqArOYhVSjgaDoG1ou3cojv5_P7wQQgI8SDQWB0kdXCTwbk-TqTt0QfRMyzDNLOtU1XXFgvGSRlW8wgI8CC2PKa_QCIBZtrXodq1GdEzppISMsMRDOnzr2gFjLKOAAgI8CCwQ_QF67bcFk_uJ2s0VCZmf5PGIjTmTCpt_qnVY5p_8AgI8SAbzyx7z-oxPMju6PvtQhzrJIQyH2ZAc9oyLuYemzbmZQgI8CC5bh7J74uUk91r8LwybHQFCNBC3PWeuwtMCCNFKWj19AgI8SAf4R2TUNPjaX_PWDUImpoITK0JoW89zaMKnD1wlEEi8AgI8SC2vNmdm7eyP5Ytl1yTzT0njliMdALl1ViKG-s3bG2zswgI8CCpbIVNz1GFVXdJk2zd82hBUoNFFemUPBt7IJdWEOciPwgI8CBtYdRQcrtX1FtCm1SxF7sx-5cO04U8KzbJh8fqBkyReAgI8CBHs2LGmX6gI-lV7yp1RrV7_tGfdiBAwnEFF6B6yXHzAQgI8CATotVmbXBMAixhZ-QKy5Q4lR0FusdA_wcIC1TbB7GmxAgIAAWIlg1z1xkBA-KXOw"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEI5aMM0HzV250J2sE3JyX4F0g1-sN9GxHEQAy_6xJJ70HxIOWHixBeqgbfr7yNCOdj9V5ICplcAuOYQIOh5L4rsl8cCPAgMYgDEMQsifEF-15O09mH-rtwUvfddXb0plsRWCc7iV0I8SBsWCoU3jG3LaucL8WRMkTFVHKFuCeG0GHM1c4xktjGCAjxID2A7Enq3aYJjJryLFmfR6bmAhKRLvPYf1cmNYaFkXsQCPEgB2ksZ8tPpgYE7Fj9_qYNeJRdXuwMH2vDpWyTJEjKUZwI8CD_YgLSfBSD9rQUpTi7tXR6EE_5qC7acOQy6wTGUQq3gAjxILxzQWMAmvaultZlg8E3OUpGfSrLm6L_gGXyaZDMO7ZVCPEgX1ct-J5utS2Y9i_MQF8whgQqggfdpWZjb4EXThxsbjcI8CCoahAZNQNYu2Y_acHP7f8i7DMCAPi7QeYPsDQmFOUZcgjxIOUdEg6sSGuGAwm6byKNwNSH-CaFtay_ppzVi8InqIsBCPEgUZCxxJx-baWw4JFRfzCCtSjPn4ATBx_3FQi1O2Yo4-8I8SAQuuTPkAGyvS_wKMy9BtKvnki2puESdY2vXem8hT1uIQjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV6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