{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"eeb1bf55a621944d12f3e340a29b102df0b8e8235f36793b1147debc3d0bbc49","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:04Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011","a837adbde970e80515b4f1e971e5f83b405eceaf54b4b4dbfd9582e49855d872"],"salt":"1a95b2e12e97085ea1703b8766171efdd6a111fa1db88e4996db82204e78c018","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"grav.evaporation-backreaction.remnant-consistency","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[{"note":"","parent_revision":"a837adbde970e80515b4f1e971e5f83b405eceaf54b4b4dbfd9582e49855d872","relation":"special_case"}],"plain":"If tiny black-hole leftovers stored all the information, each would need an enormous number of internal states. Such objects might then be produced in huge numbers in ordinary processes, contradicting experiment.","posed_since":"","precise":"Consider objects of mass $\\sim m_{P}$ with $N\\sim \\operatorname{exp}(S_{\\mathrm{initial}})$ internal states, where $S_{\\mathrm{initial}}$ can be arbitrarily large. Determine whether an effective field theory containing such remnants avoids pair-production rates and thermal contributions proportional to $N$, for example through form factors that suppress their couplings, while remaining unitary and local. Answer yes with a consistent model, or no with a general argument.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"An explicit consistent effective theory of remnants with bounded production rates, or a theorem excluding them.","status_note":"The infinite-production objection (Giddings, Susskind, 1994-1995) is widely accepted; proposed escapes via remnants with large interiors remain disputed as of 2026.","title":"Are long-lived Planck-mass remnants consistent with quantum field 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