{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"b738788079490592feb33da71a50aaef306e4ba3801594f037a8d13ce7c26c6d","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:58Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"8b1cbb2305b3e0122fdb48b1c71d8f8a8250946923645092e17f8009f7d4a29b","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"bio.supercooled-water.water-glass-transition","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Glassy water made by very fast cooling shows a small heat-capacity step near 136 K, long taken as its glass transition, and a second step near 116 K was reported in high-density amorphous ice. Whether these steps mark glasses turning into ultraviscous liquids or something else is disputed.","posed_since":"","precise":"Hyperquenched glassy water and low-density amorphous ice show a weak calorimetric step near $136\\,\\mathrm{K}$ at ambient pressure, and pressure-annealed high-density amorphous ice a step near $116\\,\\mathrm{K}$ (2013). Determine whether each step is a glass transition to a diffusive ultraviscous liquid (LDL or HDL) with translational relaxation time about $1\\mathrm{e}2\\,\\mathrm{s}$, or an orientational or sub-$T_{g}$ relaxation with $T_{g}$ of water higher (near $165\\,\\mathrm{K}$, as argued from comparison with hyperquenched inorganic glasses in 2004). An answer is a measurement of translational diffusion or viscous flow just above each step.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Direct measurement of translational diffusion (isotope intermixing, viscous flow, or dielectric response tied to translation) just above 136 K and 116 K, showing liquid-like or glass-like mobility.","status_note":"Two glass transitions were reported in 2013 (Amann-Winkel et al., PNAS, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311718110) against the 2004 reassignment of $T_g$ near 165 K (Yue and Angell, Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02295).","title":"Is the 136 K calorimetric step the glass transition of water","topic_ref":"b1cabd44310015cc3941b7af0461d416e3c8ad464f6c3ad6f6fdbf54214bd97e"},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"86f4a3116707296a98ff29fb44e01a5b13d9924a41be397e6b994041ea25745c","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"f2fd0473970aa609daf8fce41226934cae7b8838ca94fa26bbf7f532bf78edb1","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"w2fvrXx7XzWMeIuWPhHA7i5dQkgiKy6BltreCDd1g9LtIihtC9brq_es3mH542W199kJLzMCHe49YaDfP0H4BQ"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEI8v0Ec5cKpgna-PzkEiaTTK57iDjKlPomu_f1Mr947bHwIPMetiA7AL7KoI4re01W1I-6O7nQCkajdOS7WIIGxsEACPEgxjXZn_NcdGewucE64kb8RRp_M_2_aMYQZh42xLsqe1sI8SDKlbTmgFD1UGblGgnhrK3xvSVZjnIkRmpUtMEt_tETlgjwIM15FjxagE1tvIqtgW_ei3YmuEZ59JPgsidnGdI-qz41CPAgZ-tzvdggmAt5yH1_HxLVtJ9IVFH8xRrl0y0DiUewxP8I8CBuXYdwGPSuUXxlmvpzka3B-xTISEmdtbyu9lB0QbN3uAjxICgGETHggG-Ou7vrx4zURXNAGJV_QTKQum1XmJ8OF86YCPEgb1HWQLf7N5Rua2bORFDL2fDBJS7iVOSaHp7adL8jwH8I8SAVG4HLRiZRZ26g7AYBWDSI50GY2TGlNC7pHIYc-vQ3UgjxIOUdEg6sSGuGAwm6byKNwNSH-CaFtay_ppzVi8InqIsBCPEgUZCxxJx-baWw4JFRfzCCtSjPn4ATBx_3FQi1O2Yo4-8I8SAQuuTPkAGyvS_wKMy9BtKvnki2puESdY2vXem8hT1uIQjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn7Pmby5WLyI-A0I8QRqwKw78AhITF7Tr3a1xP8Ag9_jDS75DI4sK2h0dHBzOi8vYm9iLmJ0Yy5jYWxlbmRhci5vcGVudGltZXN0YW1wcy5vcmcI8CBXWeNiWFWltfHE0nkDXsVKIykUUwuObhsnN-2fvBt98gjwIM5Vf7j68sOFgVysYMc5S09Hho-fqxYW3oQ4oKUX7JpPCPAgaKHHQB3sdd9w1hu4NMh7vmb-p0X2r4uyVKKCj1G7S28I8SAW2Mg6Bzi9ygjrrjIYB7w90fwMcxH24SsqLmzPyAMGfwjwIMQ863zlveYIpNKWVrZaDOa4vowwoOg2CcTW8gXtxK3dCPEgrZxGGAf-t8jhz_eLMUyBN1IhNrdYDRcNHWvQcwNG9woI8CCVOUHG1YXudbaFIgUYvrCIevRWvb2ubhQAo-z0duD0rQjxIDBeKerVGkO3J2eXDwdraSioXbIWsdIPEN1s8pIwJIS2CPAgV2kB3n3JZ5HwBQjpRL1CWKnqvdCjZk3RcALk6N2wHigI8CB-wbljNlfqElD25uZkNg6taS81YDRU2vfMqGVQ420O9AjxWQEAAAABJM43UU6MLMRrPlCUqossvu1q_knons5yylyWTgxZzWUAAAAAAP7___8CLgABAAAAAAAWABQrYt3E7OllKRCEmL3FL589l78_5wAAAAAAAAAAImog8ATiyw4ACAjxILmbcIO7ixv3pCtwUMZ1VQGKus54F9lZ8-w5ECD5ZuiICAjwIG6ynCyFTLPE7Rgk-0ZGCtBDyqNQx8YvaSZNHy8D8p8jCAjwIMX8zoD2Be1YWvcx_bexVPRmBX0hK-do8b8t9SarimQVCAjxIG6XtpqIEclLlhzcK1LVjqoPGrjjmLnyno8tcETMzECECAjwIF6mlfXOFY51JhrK4eze8zQlKV75OYZYqbtyi8BWxmAsCAjwIKKUcJmVoz-u-geiRV_-ZHdF0VEPXaEPFWf_JX_0e7G2CAjxIGMeD0Z5QWNKBcAEpHht007FFIILW6aSJ8f3CMkKNsneCAjwIBFr6Je8rkB7kwhPGbq0yRgFwZsvW9JhY5sXDRtrq0QwCAjwIAHAwXaus-yUgKICJB5mVvx8VZuJgjwnpb0qWPg1pi6DCAjxIAJhb8cefkVHTAMymdsxa-_i-tUua62LcpALQnPG7R9_CAjwIDvsFqBhPfAL6TCtXZd7gBWmMpx6iiZ-Ug0Jf_LlcstgCAjwIDJRBX6Q0Vge-ra-k1_g76yJWTEp6WWF13I3JpTnsZPJCAjwILykZCbkC9VQgl5gytPKKir6T9nTvKR6y05iWSHBTQgzCAgABYiWDXPXGQED45c78Ah-sGbmQAwfZwjwEAYqxtHnZiPZnJEGPx_JvKsI8SDXkqDg17YsZIrEz5acRx7mBXCKW5mKNgRYnw_-U2cpDgjxBGrArDrwCEfK6Mono428_wCD3-MNLvkMji4taHR0cHM6Ly9hbGljZS5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3JnCPAg10nyJ6Jn4kshQQQCKE0Lvj3hBC6nLRBVIzaPV4eh8VwI8CCQaAqWlxEbac_XOq1MOlf9iOKHEsxXspzbjK0vLpy8BwjwII3iRbRXUcDxrhAdkZmFlI15nySCSEZ7g922tF1Xln5DCPEgYYvZ1L4v4rPu_UqLfcHPtwSb2OH2GhPgVcVhhH6DpkQI8CDZCIoR20sC-uchP40oAmcLm9EJFV7xzwplj54AeVadXQjxILvLBjPFpCoz29m9Yf2qRnV7PI9GqxE8ozVQfk9QwCqrCPEgZXcMudvEoB_MJ8tqOW2PLTKAIeQBnE-1bfzptRc2gR8I8VkBAAAAAfXq-bmxWqOz7B5wKkwjzHGv2R4s7Y0Z76LqXWYNhmz0AAAAAAD-____Av0cAAAAAAAAFgAUl-skmdZDtn7Hnub6mF4HP2uVn7oAAAAAAAAAACJqIPAE4MsOAAgI8CBDmQsbEXc46Hu8DivhCBM1LGExa4TTM-wo7HpoCVjBTQgI8CCty5vkQtPHzzs8xqArOYhVSjgaDoG1ou3cojv5_P7wQQgI8SDQWB0kdXCTwbk-TqTt0QfRMyzDNLOtU1XXFgvGSRlW8wgI8CC2PKa_QCIBZtrXodq1GdEzppISMsMRDOnzr2gFjLKOAAgI8CCwQ_QF67bcFk_uJ2s0VCZmf5PGIjTmTCpt_qnVY5p_8AgI8SAbzyx7z-oxPMju6PvtQhzrJIQyH2ZAc9oyLuYemzbmZQgI8CC5bh7J74uUk91r8LwybHQFCNBC3PWeuwtMCCNFKWj19AgI8SAf4R2TUNPjaX_PWDUImpoITK0JoW89zaMKnD1wlEEi8AgI8SC2vNmdm7eyP5Ytl1yTzT0njliMdALl1ViKG-s3bG2zswgI8CCpbIVNz1GFVXdJk2zd82hBUoNFFemUPBt7IJdWEOciPwgI8CBtYdRQcrtX1FtCm1SxF7sx-5cO04U8KzbJh8fqBkyReAgI8CBHs2LGmX6gI-lV7yp1RrV7_tGfdiBAwnEFF6B6yXHzAQgI8CATotVmbXBMAixhZ-QKy5Q4lR0FusdA_wcIC1TbB7GmxAgIAAWIlg1z1xkBA-KXOw"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIXhetQ_Krj7WU9iXYy8iT_RSdTO7ySbevMWRildlLEdfwIF4XvAQ0J85CKaOaq0-M2cGAkFVwZ6dJCG1b0dc2T4S-CPEgkBRh7uYt4qNNHgHzXR-6RgxJ2tqUFbYVrVzLSQE6F_YI8CCYXfRrlHOOjaeL9Qig7yX9QmKNDkheY66asHFaYHzCsgjxIALm0mFZVkHQTjqTnqZoGoQeAUTZvQ1j24A29NAJmW_NCPAgR5y3O2hwPyeBTwNy8kD8XFRzdlsg3y_OMJpypErimZMI8CCL_EDkCssOXbg4vDbxyEKBP8nbQKKXbwKWyEP0FEdh0wjwIA39tRHVS-t0TQxXFjjmNWwvQiyD5mU_N02z3yp2_tlNCPAgOatp97sEGfSkPectTIcXn_UGSclxLvXC9ouOsHYFkl8I8CBPLfD1TsHdjhkyZ9iTm9m5GTCSBT-7GhYUfap1vptsnQjxINBAKCf3cKChW811B6TkfdlxdONUiLQA88uJMnPer4KuCPEgytIBB3x7TFDT-XqOV-9vpqw1NKoAu0dhtsCbAMql2L0I8CCtNZgmApuKULvPC9nsMCaM05arV-F3o5FTlnJCnRvdMgjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn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