{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"40b3987d709829ae626bff2dcafd85326810b449d76af21561ffa918b9e378ce","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:52Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"f234e193a16890dfb5945035846d58f5e6aa14e765d7f02d8f1840eff7daab81","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"plasma.collisionless-shocks","field":"plasma","n":"1","review_cite":"A. Marcowith, A. Bret, A. Bykov et al., The microphysics of collisionless shock waves, Reports on Progress in Physics, 2016","review_link":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.00318","review_verified":"true","summary":"In space, shock waves form in plasma without particles colliding, held together by electric and magnetic fields. These shocks make cosmic rays, but how ordinary particles first get enough energy to enter the acceleration process is not understood.","title":"Collisionless shocks and the particle injection problem","topic_ref":null,"why":"Collisionless shocks at supernova remnants and in the heliosphere are the leading candidate sources of Galactic cosmic rays and of the radio and X-ray emission from relativistic electrons."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"873c3d9feef1f7205d3e0497ade5d58bf02f6ff551ffa296c08522b036e1ad8d","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"017a692f8eb572867c2a990655abbf5ca490c87a853cdbaeb7bab68ea2217310","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"iXebSs8N-GzEFCq_ObC36X6mSrviRJUapKayzQ30cZ7d34H6QmFOUC73x7ICyYM9f2MM7KCdhpBlNN9TxsZyBQ"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"873c3d9feef1f7205d3e0497ade5d58bf02f6ff551ffa296c08522b036e1ad8d","leaf_index":297}