{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"f083d2f9f1fce3a8b09d222390cba9aedf094657f8f6215d809eede0cf663192","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:51Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"648ff2524371d682db5e92c790975182b79af222d60615cd5785387656b87ba1","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"earth.plate-tectonics","field":"earth","n":"1","review_cite":"Jun Korenaga, Initiation and Evolution of Plate Tectonics on Earth: Theories and Observations, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2013","review_link":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-050212-124208","review_verified":"true","summary":"Earth's surface is broken into moving plates that sink back into the mantle, while Venus, its near twin, has a single unbroken shell. When Earth's plates started moving and what made that possible are open.","title":"Onset and cause of plate tectonics","topic_ref":null,"why":"Plate tectonics recycles carbon and water and may be required for long-lived habitability."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"88e7a08ea0c1d2f0e59af928067327a0eae8144a9e50f4874c49df2a02aaf5a6","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"ddb6f26bb255756926351aab65bd844824a00b7c0b762503be1267814afd4515","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"_3xIhxhQzdyaZE1ktgFCDWEk6iydD2qDc0h0x7PRVd3aHrsfuTQsDt2kSQiWd9ytkwmfo6Dgxx5smryDccI4Bw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"88e7a08ea0c1d2f0e59af928067327a0eae8144a9e50f4874c49df2a02aaf5a6","leaf_index":206}