{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"e590b750daac7d74c65c539dd16fc2c74b6a069f4f19ec935afe97285a2d6c62","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:06Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"7a84868307ebf64daa0de52498ba391656157bdbc76a639a7bbec588d7c8bd59","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"med.microdosimetry.nanoparticle-electron-emission","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"When a gold particle absorbs an x-ray it releases a burst of slow electrons whose number and energies set the local damage. Simulation programs disagree on that burst.","posed_since":"","precise":"Determine the yield and energy spectrum of electrons below 1 keV escaping a gold nanoparticle of 2 to 100 nm diameter per absorbed photon of 20 to 150 keV, including Auger and Coster-Kronig cascades (chains of atomic relaxations that each eject an electron), solid-state and plasmon effects, and self-absorption inside the particle, to an accuracy of about 20 percent. An answer is a measured and computed emission spectrum that reconciles the transport codes and gives the radial dose profile within 1 micron of the particle.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Electron spectroscopy of size-selected gold nanoparticles under monoenergetic x-rays, matched by a condensed-phase cascade calculation.","status_note":"A multi-code Monte Carlo comparison published around 2020 found large spread in secondary electron spectra and dose enhancement for the same nanoparticle geometry.","title":"Sub-keV electron emission spectra from irradiated gold nanoparticles","topic_ref":"72f2e40584d11439e863e00d2c447e82cf67118c73a199c7fc6c190acf8de8c7"},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"8e6752cf76d62702e668b3b0e0dd5b7aff0cdf535b2ccbfe2680cea5c3bb19f3","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"6142589aa28ad986e7f418023d0f252ff95528a71520c1f3d5950a86ae0b090e","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"IMhx3HHF-mHJ2uVbYGHbTPygV8O62hTljzAzvGn_e65UvV-qgLxHDnXV-TgDAUWStxJw3LdBRkkXSloLd0iWDQ"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"8e6752cf76d62702e668b3b0e0dd5b7aff0cdf535b2ccbfe2680cea5c3bb19f3","leaf_index":1703}