{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"20948b23f7d12bcb2ba9e3c5d486d325abbe80b4699cfa1222ad1147edac8d21","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:50Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"00d07eefdb53ec277edd293fe7fde484f02b08bbf69088911e2c4e9b64ad5354","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"chem.aqueous-interfaces","field":"chem","n":"1","review_cite":"M. F. Ruiz-Lopez, J. S. Francisco, M. T. C. Martins-Costa, J. M. Anglada, Molecular reactions at aqueous interfaces, Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2020","review_link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-020-0203-2","review_verified":"true","summary":"The outermost layer of water, where it meets air or oil, behaves differently from bulk water, and dissolved ions of equal charge behave very differently from one another. Reactions in tiny droplets have been reported to run up to millions of times faster, and in very concentrated salt water electric forces seem to reach farther than theory allows.","title":"Aqueous interfaces, electrolytes and microdroplet chemistry","topic_ref":null,"why":"Aerosol and cloud chemistry, sea spray, protein stability, batteries, desalination and proposed green synthesis methods depend on what happens at these interfaces and in concentrated salt solutions."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"918cab5fffb6928d499834f70aaf71d4b8e0b2721de2faefb454f55dc900049a","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"50162a217b1144fc7e3cbc5599e90eb48e19c24fbf03e5cdb97ad9b433e860a6","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"Ui2H22mTLfZZA1G4IL5CneWQhdLK8k0fJ60HIS-yrO0vvUutjaHDl67ZRbbJ91aRS2ejMUPCgxSHD8aZcLJKBw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"918cab5fffb6928d499834f70aaf71d4b8e0b2721de2faefb454f55dc900049a","leaf_index":103}