{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"84096a567c9bea7f5a47e83affb4ad89d681f54d505e8512cf16220701543441","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:04Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"e2cd169f4aac4698d4729bee1ac1f3edcd8b71eadece54781a7e70691017cd10","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"proof","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"grav.kerr-stability.kerr-newman-linear","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"partially-resolved","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"The charged, spinning Kerr-Newman solution is the most general black hole of Einstein-Maxwell theory. Its stability has resisted proof because gravitational and electromagnetic waves stay coupled and cannot be separated into simple equations.","posed_since":"","precise":"For Kerr-Newman with $a^{2}+Q^{2}<M^{2}$ (Gaussian units, $G=c=1$), prove that solutions of the linearized Einstein-Maxwell equations decay to a linearized Kerr-Newman solution plus pure gauge. Numerical mode analysis finds no growing modes up to 99.999 percent of extremality (Dias, Godazgar, Santos 2015), the coupled Teukolsky and Regge-Wheeler system is derived (Giorgi 2020), and decay is proved for weak charge and slow rotation (He 2023). An answer is a proof for the full range or an unstable mode.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"A linear stability proof covering all $a^{2} + Q^{2} < M^{2}$, or an exhibited growing mode.","status_note":"Hintz (arXiv:2609.33661, September 2026) separated the coupled spin-1 and spin-2 equations and proved the absence of real-frequency modes for all subextremal parameters; decay for the full range is open as of 2026.","title":"Linear stability of Kerr-Newman black holes for all subextremal 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