{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"80fa5055c42ebdc33b7a9ba30a2e53385c5963534135de1e3daa4152017ef0cc","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:05Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"46988869e038e904250f738ae4e30b2beb98f72580b7d7d048f29cb67c2ecaa6","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"mechanism","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"hep.dama-modulation.signal-origin","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"DAMA/LIBRA sees a yearly rise and fall in low-energy events, peaking in late May or early June, but identical-material experiments see nothing. The question is what physical or instrumental effect makes the DAMA rate oscillate.","posed_since":"1998","precise":"DAMA/NaI plus DAMA/LIBRA phases 1 and 2 report a single-hit residual rate in NaI(Tl) with amplitude about 0.01 cpd/kg/keV in 2-6 keV electron-equivalent energy (phase 2 alone extends this to 1-6 keV), period 1 yr and phase in late May, consistent within errors with the June 2 dark matter expectation, at $13.7\\sigma$ for 2.86 t yr (2021) and $15.3\\sigma$ for 3.40 t yr (2026). COSINE-100 and ANAIS-112, with the same target, find amplitudes consistent with zero. An answer identifies the source of the DAMA modulation (dark matter with crystal-specific response, an environmental or detector effect, or an analysis artifact) and demonstrates it quantitatively on DAMA data or an equivalent setup.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Reproduction or elimination of the modulation in a NaI(Tl) setup that matches DAMA's crystals, energy calibration and analysis, together with release and independent analysis of DAMA's absolute rate time series.","status_note":"In 2025 COSINE-100 and ANAIS-112 combined 3-year data gave amplitudes $-0.0002 \\pm 0.0026$ $\\left(1-6\\,\\mathrm{keV}\\right)$ and $0.0021 \\pm 0.0028\\,\\mathrm{cpd}/\\mathrm{kg}/\\mathrm{keV}$ $\\left(2-6\\,\\mathrm{keV}\\right)$, and their 6-year data gave $0.0005 \\pm 0.0019$ and $0.0027 \\pm 0.0021$, excluding DAMA at $4.7\\ \\text{and}\\ 3.5\\,\\sigma$; DAMA reported $15.3\\,\\sigma$ in $2-6\\,\\mathrm{keV}$ with $3.40\\,\\mathrm{t}\\,\\mathrm{yr}$ in 2026 (Nucl. Phys. At. Energy 27, 2026) and identifies no systematic.","title":"What produces the DAMA/LIBRA annual 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