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The accelerator and delivery physics for doing both at once is unsettled.","posed_since":"2018","precise":"Design and demonstrate a delivery scheme giving a conformal dose distribution to a target at 10 to 20 cm depth with mean dose rate above 4000 rad/s over the whole target and delivery under 200 ms. Candidate routes: very-high-energy electrons at 100 to 250 MeV with magnetic scanning or focusing, transmission or Bragg-peak proton beams with ridge filters, and multi-source photon arrays. 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