{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"905e029936cf4fcadff492d11c3935ef16ef82bae39d49ec97d9fa508753d9de","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["bb59506fc5b983170be3f7aef24e7ff1738a058777d40d6d2eeb811410202b2b","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"e72448ef28d58c3025ba0c294d63edcae5d95b501c992465438deac60ffcabd3","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"mechanism","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"med.focused-ultrasound.histotripsy-predictability","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"Very short, very intense sound pulses tear tissue apart mechanically by creating clouds of bubbles. Where and when those clouds form is only partly predictable.","posed_since":"2004","precise":"Predict the threshold and spatial extent of histotripsy bubble-cloud formation from the incident pressure waveform, with peak negative pressures of $10^8\\text{ to }3 \\times 10^8\\,\\mathrm{dyn}/\\mathrm{cm}^2$ and microsecond pulses, including nucleus distribution in tissue, shock scattering from earlier bubbles, and tissue mechanical properties. An answer is a predictive model giving the treated volume boundary to within $1\\,\\mathrm{mm}$.","problem_ref":"bb59506fc5b983170be3f7aef24e7ff1738a058777d40d6d2eeb811410202b2b","references":"","settled_by":"High-speed imaging and acoustic measurement of cloud formation across pressure and tissue type, compared with the model prediction and the resulting lesion.","status_note":"","title":"Predicting and controlling histotripsy bubble clouds","topic_ref":null},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"a1baacc70b9727ce83c386de3743e8674104563fcc1979dfcc693519019da6fa","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"c27cedda32f8f18ec84be51bd506930082c10e88424c9299e11e066a6dae9281","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"ceh5nJrOdPQzeFXq9ZSa1oTErZR1lE_pSnwF37LSmzzgRz1AdB3olZSC1lifVrAQFrbUZjp90PiidVVkZys-BQ"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"a1baacc70b9727ce83c386de3743e8674104563fcc1979dfcc693519019da6fa","leaf_index":3472}