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Converting image numbers into that map introduces an error of a few percent, which becomes a few millimetres of range error.","posed_since":"1996","precise":"Determine the stopping power of patient tissues relative to water from imaging to better than 1 percent root-mean-square, including tissue mean excitation energies relative to water and tissue-composition variability. Candidate routes: dual-energy CT, photon-counting spectral CT, proton CT. 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