{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"e97d17eb6f73403ac4ded0af088505004c2ce91a643a5e148929d7ec561ff4f5","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:03Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"8ddb78aac1ec622cc381d38eb96c464b8ffef7136797d30e1d9d48ba827cf317","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"fluid.drop-impact.jet-drop-size","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"When a bubble bursts at a liquid surface, a thin jet shoots up and breaks into tiny droplets that carry sea salt and microbes into the air. How small the first droplet can be, as a function of liquid properties and bubble size, is disputed.","posed_since":"2017","precise":"For a bubble of radius $R_b$ bursting at the free surface of a liquid with viscosity $\\mu$, density $\\rho$ and surface tension $\\sigma$, the first jet-drop radius $r_d$ depends on $\\mathrm{Oh} = \\mu/\\sqrt{\\rho \\sigma R_b}$ and $\\mathrm{Bo} = \\rho g R_b^{2}/\\sigma$. Determine the scaling of $r_d/R_b$ near the critical Ohnesorge number $\\mathrm{Oh}*$ (a few times $10^{-2}$, approximately) at which the jet is thinnest, and the minimum $r_d$ as $\\mathrm{Bo} \\to 0$.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"High-speed imaging and simulations resolving $r_{d}$ over a decade in Oh around $\\mathrm{Oh}*$ with $\\mathrm{Bo} < 10^{-2}$.","status_note":"Competing scaling laws proposed since 2017 differ near Oh*.","title":"Size of the smallest jet drops from bursting bubbles","topic_ref":"18b6d8f793345bc91659702112c5cd56d127bcc223ff71723a5520b9496d78c2"},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"a35f5c755029ecd93ef4123e0565852afd7fa2d5fb705081ea6a74e8a686e8dc","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"31ae2dc696b9c4acf89ff0e4b97bae8ce8427bef1c2be0d5f83ff83a21681955","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"xh2VttAp94JQdfqtBATZw_pYQwGePoqQA0wrmLtT_fCSM85DdkdWJMc4ToRYZz-EDAWs_9hyDpMbo692uOvHCg"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"a35f5c755029ecd93ef4123e0565852afd7fa2d5fb705081ea6a74e8a686e8dc","leaf_index":1407}